To measure intraocular pressure this procedure is done

KGMU 2024

Medical & Surgical Nursing

Easy

Appeared in: KGMU 2024

Explanation

Tonometry is the standard diagnostic procedure specifically designed to measure intraocular pressure (IOP).
It is a critical component of eye examinations for screening and managing glaucoma, as elevated IOP is a primary risk factor.
The procedure involves using a calibrated instrument (tonometer) to measure the pressure needed to flatten a small area of the cornea.
Results are recorded in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).

Option A: The caloric test evaluates the function of the vestibular system in the inner ear, which is responsible for balance. It has no role in measuring eye pressure.
Option B: Keratometry measures the curvature of the cornea's anterior surface. While it is an eye-related procedure, it does not measure pressure.
Option D: A visual acuity test measures the sharpness or clarity of central vision, typically using a Snellen chart. It assesses how well a person can see at various distances.

Visual 1: Diagram - An illustration showing a Goldmann applanation tonometer gently touching the cornea to measure intraocular pressure. This helps visualize the mechanism of the correct procedure.
Visual 2: Infographic - A chart comparing the four options, with icons representing each test (an ear for caloric test, a contact lens for keratometry, a pressure gauge for tonometry, and an eye chart for visual acuity) and a brief description of their purpose.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Diagnostic Procedures for Eye Examination as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Nurses play a key role in preparing patients for tonometry by explaining the procedure and administering anesthetic eye drops as prescribed. Patient education is vital to ensure they do not squeeze their eyelids or hold their breath, which can falsely elevate IOP readings.
Routine IOP screening via tonometry is a cornerstone of preventative eye care, especially for high-risk populations (e.g., individuals over 40, those with a family history of glaucoma, or patients with diabetes).
What if? - If a patient has a severe corneal abrasion or infection, applanation tonometry (which touches the cornea) may be contraindicated. In such cases, a non-contact tonometer (air-puff) or a portable electronic tonometer might be used instead to avoid further trauma.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the core concept in the question stem, which is the measurement of 'intraocular pressure'.
Recognize that this is a factual recall question asking for the specific name of a diagnostic procedure.
Systematically evaluate each option against your knowledge of medical terminology.
Recall that 'tono-' relates to tension or pressure and '-metry' relates to measurement. This directly links 'Tonometry' to measuring pressure.
Eliminate the other options by recalling their distinct purposes: Caloric test (ear/balance), Keratometry (corneal shape), and Visual acuity (vision sharpness).

Concept Tested & Keywords

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