There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer as per the codes provided below:
Assertion (A): Non-communicable diseases are cause of 57 million death worldwide during 2016.
Reason (R): They are primarily caused by infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses.

1. A

   (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.

2. B

   (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.

3. C

   Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

4. D

   Question not attempted

Appeared in: Raj. CHO -2025

Explanation

• Assertion (A) is considered correct as it highlights that Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of mortality globally, responsible for tens of millions of deaths annually.
• Reason (R) is factually incorrect. It provides the definition for communicable (infectious) diseases, which are caused by pathogens like bacteria and viruses.
• NCDs, by contrast, are chronic conditions resulting from a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and tobacco use.
• Because Assertion (A) is correct and Reason (R) is incorrect, this option is the only logical choice.

Why Other Options Were Wrong

• Option B: This option states that (A) is wrong and (R) is correct. This is the opposite of the correct analysis. Assertion (A) is fundamentally correct about the scale of NCD mortality, while Reason (R) provides a factually wrong cause for NCDs.
• Option C: This option claims both statements are true and linked. This is incorrect because Reason (R) is false. NCDs are not caused by infectious agents, so (R) cannot be the correct explanation for (A).
• Option D: This is not a valid answer choice for an assertion-reason question; it indicates the question was not answered by the test-taker.

Related Visual

• Visual 1: Pie Chart - A chart illustrating the leading causes of death globally, showing the large percentage attributed to non-communicable diseases compared to communicable diseases and injuries.
• Visual 2: Table - A comparative table clearly listing the differences between non-communicable and communicable diseases based on cause, transmission, duration, and examples.

Clinical Relevance

• Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain The question tests the understanding of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including their global mortality impact and their causes, differentiating them from communicable diseases as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
• A nurse's primary role in combating NCDs involves patient education on prevention and management. This includes counseling on lifestyle modifications like diet, exercise, smoking cessation, and reducing alcohol consumption.
• Understanding that NCDs are not caused by infections prevents misinformation and ensures patients receive appropriate advice focused on risk factor modification rather than antimicrobial treatments or isolation precautions.
• What if? If a patient with diabetes (an NCD) asks if they can 'catch' it from a family member, the nurse must explain that it is not an infectious disease. The nurse should then discuss shared genetic predispositions and lifestyle habits within the family that might increase risk, guiding the family toward healthier collective behaviors.

How to Approach the Question

• Step 1: Analyze the Assertion (A). Evaluate if the statement is factually correct. In this case, 'NCDs are a major cause of death worldwide' is true, even if the specific number is debatable.
• Step 2: Analyze the Reason (R). Evaluate if this statement is factually correct. Here, 'NCDs are caused by infectious agents' is definitively false.
• Step 3: Determine the relationship. Since (A) is true and (R) is false, the choice is straightforward.
• Step 4: Select the option that matches your analysis. The option '(A) is correct but (R) is wrong' directly corresponds to the findings from the previous steps.

Concept Tested & Keywords

• Concept Tested: The question tests the understanding of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including their global mortality impact and their causes, differentiating them from communicable diseases.
• Stem keywords: Assertion (A), Reason (R), Non-communicable diseases, death worldwide, infectious agents
• Lead-in keywords: Mark your answer as per the codes provided below

Question ID

Q_VkaYegSlRMnorCjWFP4H

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