The Hawthorne study to determine the relationship between the intensity of illuminations and worker's product… - JODHPUR AIIMS SNO-2018

JODHPUR AIIMS SNO-2018

Edition 3

Easy

Appeared in: JODHPUR AIIMS SNO-2018

Explanation

Elton Mayo is the key researcher credited with the Hawthorne Studies.
These studies, initially focused on the relationship between workplace lighting and productivity, led to the development of the Human Relations Theory of management.
A significant finding was the 'Hawthorne Effect,' where workers' productivity increased simply because they were being observed and felt valued, not due to the physical changes in their environment.
This shifted the focus of management theory from purely mechanical and structural aspects (Classical Theory) to the social and psychological factors affecting employees.

Option B: Abraham Maslow is famous for his 'Hierarchy of Needs' theory, which is a theory of psychological health predicated on fulfilling innate human needs in priority, culminating in self-actualization.
Option C: Kurt Lewin is known as the father of modern social psychology. His main contributions include Field Theory, Action Research, and the three-stage model of change (Unfreezing-Changing-Refreezing).
Option D: Mary Parker Follett was a pioneer in the fields of organizational theory and organizational behavior. She focused on group dynamics and the importance of collaboration and integration in organizations.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Key figures and concepts in management theory, specifically the Hawthorne studies as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
The Hawthorne Effect is highly relevant in nursing research and quality improvement projects. Nurses and patients who know they are part of a study may alter their behavior (e.g., adhere more strictly to protocols, report more positive outcomes), which can bias the results.
Nurse managers can use the principles of the Human Relations Movement (which grew from the Hawthorne studies) to improve team morale and productivity by fostering a sense of value, recognition, and belonging among staff.
What if? If a nurse manager wants to accurately assess the typical hand hygiene compliance on a unit, they should use unobtrusive observation methods (like a 'secret shopper' or reviewing camera footage if policy allows) rather than standing in the hallway with a clipboard, which would likely trigger the Hawthorne Effect and show artificially high compliance rates.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the core subject of the question, which is the 'Hawthorne study'.
This is a factual recall question that tests your knowledge of major management theories and the researchers associated with them.
Scan the options to see if you recognize the name directly associated with the Hawthorne studies.
If unsure, try to eliminate options by recalling the primary contributions of the other individuals listed. For example, you might remember Maslow is associated with the 'Hierarchy of Needs'.
Select the researcher most famously linked to the specific study mentioned in the stem.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Key figures and concepts in management theory, specifically the Hawthorne studies.
Stem keywords: Hawthorne study, intensity of illuminations, worker's productivity
Lead-in keywords: was done by
Negative lead-in flag: false

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