The example that most closely defines a disability is

Appeared in: GMCH - 2015

Explanation

A disability is defined as a restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in a manner considered normal for a human being, resulting from an impairment.
The 'inability to walk' is a classic example of a functional limitation at the individual level, directly fitting the definition of a disability.
This concept is distinct from impairment (the underlying structural loss) and handicap (the resulting social disadvantage).

Option A: Loss of a limb is an example of an impairment, which is the loss or abnormality of an anatomical structure. It is the underlying condition that may lead to a disability.
Option B: An injury to a limb is the pathological event or trauma that causes an impairment. It is the cause, not the resulting functional limitation (disability).
Option D: Unemployment is an example of a handicap. It is a social or economic disadvantage that results from an impairment or disability, preventing an individual from fulfilling a normal societal role.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Definitions of Impairment, Disability, and Handicap as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Nurses must use these terms correctly in documentation and communication to ensure clarity and appropriate care planning.
Understanding this classification is crucial for assessing a patient's needs, planning rehabilitation, and facilitating access to social support and benefits.
What if? If a person with a 'loss of a limb' (impairment) uses a prosthesis and can walk without any functional limitation, they would have an impairment but not necessarily a disability related to walking. However, they might still face a handicap due to social stigma or environmental barriers.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key term in the question, which is 'disability'.
Recall the specific definitions of impairment, disability, and handicap as per the WHO classification.
Analyze each option to determine which category it fits into.
Option A (Loss of limb) is a structural loss, which is an impairment.
Option C (Inability to walk) is a functional limitation, which is a disability.
Option D (Unemployment) is a social disadvantage, which is a handicap.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Parks TextBook of Preventive & Social Medicine part 1 — Subpart A (pp 26-201 of 604) p. 35-37

E6 Parks TextBook of Preventive & Social Medicine part 2 — Subpart A (pp 1-232 of 464) pp. 82-84, 83-85

Practise the full GMCH - 2015

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.