RUHS, Jaipur, PB B.Sc Nursing Entrance-2022
Applied Microbiology & Infection control
Easy
The example of toxoid vaccine is-
Appeared in: RUHS, Jaipur, PB B.Sc Nursing Entrance-2022
Explanation
- Diphtheria vaccine is a classic example of a toxoid vaccine.
- Toxoid vaccines are created from toxins produced by bacteria that have been inactivated (detoxified), usually with chemicals like formalin.
- These inactivated toxins, or toxoids, are no longer capable of causing disease but can still stimulate the immune system to produce protective antitoxins.
- This provides active immunity against the effects of the actual bacterial toxin without causing the illness.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option B: The measles vaccine is a live-attenuated viral vaccine, which means it contains a weakened form of the live measles virus, not an inactivated toxin.
- Option C: Hepatitis vaccines are not toxoids. The Hepatitis B vaccine is a recombinant subunit vaccine (using a surface protein of the virus), and the Hepatitis A vaccine is an inactivated (killed) virus vaccine.
- Option D: The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is a live-attenuated bacterial vaccine. It uses a weakened live form of a bacterium related to the one that causes tuberculosis, not an inactivated toxin.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Classification of Vaccines as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- Understanding vaccine types is crucial for nurses for proper storage, handling, and administration, as different types have different requirements (e.g., live vaccines are sensitive to heat and light).
- Knowledge of vaccine classification is essential for patient counseling, especially regarding contraindications. For example, live-attenuated vaccines like Measles and BCG are generally avoided in immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women.
- What if? If the patient were a pregnant woman needing protection, the nurse would know that toxoid vaccines like Td (Tetanus, Diphtheria) are safe and recommended, whereas live vaccines like MMR would be contraindicated.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the key term in the question: 'toxoid vaccine'.
- Recall the definition of a toxoid vaccine: it is a preparation made from an inactivated bacterial toxin, not the whole organism.
- Evaluate each option based on this definition.
- Diphtheria is a disease caused by a bacterial toxin, and its vaccine is a well-known toxoid.
- Consider the other options: Measles is a virus (live-attenuated vaccine), BCG is a bacterium but uses a live-attenuated form, and Hepatitis is a virus (inactivated or subunit vaccine).
- Conclude that Diphtheria is the only option that fits the definition of a toxoid vaccine.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Classification of Vaccines
- Stem keywords: toxoid vaccine, example
- Lead-in keywords: is
- Negative lead-in flag: false
Question ID
QNEDsS2oJ9JutmW-ZoPejg
Reference Book
E6 Ghai Essential Pediatrics(pp 26-904 of 913) p. 186-188
E6 Biochemistry U Satyanarayana— Part 2 (pp 421-820 of 840) p. 356-358
E6 Parks TextBook of Preventive & Social Medicine part 1 — Subpart A (pp 26-201 of 604) p. 165-167
Practise the full RUHS, Jaipur, PB B.Sc Nursing Entrance-2022
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
More Immunity Questions
- Passive immunity against tetanus is obtained by the administration of:
- Vaccines and toxoids produce:
- A type of immunity that occurs when the vaccination of a portion of population provides protection to unprotected individuals is:
- For which of the following there is no vaccine available?
- The antigen that forms loose and cotton wooly clumps during agglutination is \ \ \ \ \ \
- The transfer of antibodies from mother's milk to the baby is called:
- The major class of immunoglobulin present in human serum is?
- Which of the following does NOT contribute to the functions of innate immunity?
- Which of the following involves the introduction of antibodies into the body from an animal or person already immune to the disease?
- Which of the following is NOT a type of vaccine?
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