Rh Negative mother should receive - globulin - ESIC Nursing Officer - 2019 (Shift-2)

ESIC Nursing Officer - 2019 (Shift-2)

Obstetrics and Midwifery Nursing

Easy

Appeared in: ESIC Nursing Officer - 2019 (Shift-2)

Explanation

RhO(D) immune globulin is a life-saving prophylaxis administered to Rh-negative mothers to prevent the formation of antibodies against Rh-positive fetal blood.
This prevention of maternal antibody formation is called preventing Rh sensitization.
If an Rh-negative mother becomes sensitized, her antibodies can attack the red blood cells of an Rh-positive fetus in future pregnancies, causing Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn (HDFN).
The immune globulin works by destroying any Rh-positive fetal cells in the mother's circulation before her immune system can mount its own response, thus preventing the creation of memory cells and long-term antibodies.

Option B: This is a fictitious term created as a distractor. The clinically relevant antigen for Rh prophylaxis is the D antigen.
Option C: Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme, not an immune globulin. Its presence in amniotic fluid is a diagnostic marker, not a treatment.
Option D: The Lecithin/Sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio is a diagnostic test for fetal lung maturity, completely unrelated to blood type or immune globulin therapy.

Visual 1: Diagram: Illustrating the mechanism of Rh sensitization. Show an Rh-negative mother and an Rh-positive fetus. Depict fetal red blood cells crossing the placenta into the maternal circulation, triggering the mother's immune system to create anti-D antibodies. A second panel should show how administering Rho(D) immune globulin neutralizes the fetal cells before the mother's immune system can react.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Prevention of Rh isoimmunization in pregnancy as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Administering Rho(D) immune globulin is a critical nursing responsibility to prevent HDFN, a condition that can cause severe anemia, jaundice, brain damage, and death in a fetus or newborn.
Nursing actions include verifying the mother's blood type (Rh-negative) and antibody screen (unsensitized) before giving the injection, and confirming the newborn's blood type (Rh-positive) before the postpartum dose.
The injection must be given within the strict 72-hour window postpartum for maximum effectiveness.

How to Approach the Question

Identify the core clinical scenario from the stem: an 'Rh Negative mother'.
Recall the standard prophylactic treatment given to prevent Rh sensitization. The keyword 'globulin' strongly suggests an immune product.
The Rh blood group system's most clinically significant antigen is the 'D' antigen. This is the primary target for isoimmunization. This knowledge points directly to the correct option.
Systematically evaluate the other options to confirm your choice. Recognize that Acetylcholinesterase and Lecithin/Sphingomyelin are substances measured for fetal diagnostic tests (neural tube defects and lung maturity, respectively), not therapeutic immune globulins.
Eliminate the incorrect distractors, including the fictitious 'RhO (M) globulin', to solidify the selection of RhO(D) immune globulin.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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