Match the following diseases in List-I with problems/symptoms in List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below -
List-I
(A) Typhoid Fever
(B) Whooping cough
(C) Diphtheria
(D) Mumps
List-II
(1) Pharyngeal Paralysis
(2) Intestinal Perforation
(3) Atelectasis
(4) Deafness

1. A

   (A)-3, (B)-2, (C)-1, (D)-4

2. B

   (A)-2, (B)-1, (C)-3, (D)-4

3. C

   (A)-2, (B)-3, (C)-1, (D)-4

4. D

   (A)-1, (B)-4, (C)-3, (D)-2

Appeared in: UPPSC 2023

Explanation

• Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella Typhi, classically leads to the ulceration of Peyer's patches in the intestine, which can result in perforation.
• Whooping cough (pertussis) involves thick mucus production and violent coughing, which can plug airways and cause atelectasis (lung collapse).
• The exotoxin from Corynebacterium diphtheriae has neurotoxic effects, commonly causing localized paralysis, such as pharyngeal paralysis, which affects swallowing.
• The mumps virus can cause inflammation of the auditory nerve (cochlear neuritis), leading to sensorineural deafness, a well-documented complication.

Why Other Options Were Wrong

• Option A: This option incorrectly matches Typhoid Fever with Atelectasis and Whooping cough with Intestinal Perforation. Typhoid is an enteric disease, not primarily respiratory, and whooping cough is a respiratory disease, not primarily enteric.
• Option B: This option incorrectly matches Whooping cough with Pharyngeal Paralysis and Diphtheria with Atelectasis. While both are respiratory infections, the specific complications are swapped. Diphtheria's toxin causes paralysis, and whooping cough's mucus plugs cause atelectasis.
• Option D: This option incorrectly matches all diseases with their complications. For example, it links Typhoid to paralysis and Mumps to intestinal issues, which reverses their primary sites of severe complication.

Related Visual

Clinical Relevance

• Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Matching communicable diseases with their specific complications as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
• Nurses must be vigilant in monitoring patients with these diseases for signs of their specific complications. For instance, assessing for abdominal rigidity in a typhoid patient is critical to catch perforation early.
• Recognizing a change in voice or difficulty swallowing in a diphtheria patient requires immediate escalation, as it may signal impending airway compromise due to paralysis.
• Patient education is a key nursing role. This includes teaching parents about the importance of vaccinations (like DTaP for Diphtheria and Pertussis, and MMR for Mumps) which prevent these diseases and their severe complications.

How to Approach the Question

• This is a 'match the following' question that tests your knowledge of specific disease complications.
• First, analyze the two lists. List-I contains diseases, and List-II contains complications.
• Start with the pairing you are most certain about. For example, Typhoid fever is well-known for its gastrointestinal effects. Matching Typhoid (A) with Intestinal Perforation (2) is a strong starting point.
• Check the options. Options B and C both start with (A)-2. This allows you to eliminate options A and D.
• Next, consider another disease, like Whooping cough (B). It's a severe respiratory infection. Atelectasis (3), a lung collapse, is a plausible respiratory complication. Pharyngeal paralysis (1) is a neurological issue, less likely for whooping cough.
• Matching (B) with (3) gives you the sequence (A)-2, (B)-3. Only Option C has this sequence.

Concept Tested & Keywords

• Concept Tested: Matching communicable diseases with their specific complications.
• Stem keywords: Typhoid Fever, Whooping cough, Diphtheria, Mumps, Pharyngeal Paralysis, Intestinal Perforation, Atelectasis, Deafness
• Lead-in keywords: Match, select the correct answer
• Negative lead-in flag: false

Question ID

QbjhSAJKjFHm2w4qyWKE_7

Copy ID

Reference Book

E6 Medicine Harrison 22e Part 1 p. 1358-1360

E6 Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics(2024) — Volume 1 p. 1768-1770