In which of the following types of systems is a person's right and rank in the society determined by his birth into a particular group ?

Appeared in: RUHS, Jaipur, M.Sc Nursing Entrance Exam-2023

Explanation

The caste system is a rigid, closed form of social stratification where an individual's social status is ascribed at birth.
This hereditary system determines a person's rank, rights, and traditional occupation, and it cannot be changed during their lifetime.
It enforces strict social rules, including endogamy (marrying within the same caste) and restrictions on social interaction with other castes.
Unlike a class system, the caste system offers no opportunity for social mobility.

Option A: The estate system was a feature of feudal Europe and was based on land ownership and legal distinctions (clergy, nobility, commoners), not solely on hereditary ritual status like the caste system.
Option B: Meritocracy is the direct opposite of a system determined by birth. In a meritocracy, social standing is earned based on individual talent, effort, and achievement.
Option D: The class system is an open system that allows for social mobility. While birth can influence a person's initial social class, their final position is also determined by their own achievements, wealth, and education.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Social Stratification Systems as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Understanding social stratification systems like caste and class is crucial for nurses as these are significant social determinants of health.
A patient's social standing can influence their health beliefs, access to healthcare, nutritional status, and exposure to environmental risks, impacting overall health outcomes.
Nurses must practice culturally competent care, recognizing and respecting patients' backgrounds without prejudice, to ensure equitable treatment and build trust.

How to Approach the Question

First, analyze the question to identify the key concept: a social system where rank is fixed and determined by birth.
The phrase 'determined by his birth' is the most critical clue, pointing towards an ascribed, unchangeable status.
Evaluate each option based on this clue.
A 'Meritocracy' is based on merit/achievement, so it's the opposite. Eliminate it.
A 'Class system' is based on economic status and allows for mobility, so it's not solely determined by birth. Eliminate it.
An 'Estate system' is a historical system tied to land and law, not just birth. It's a less precise fit.

Concept Tested & Keywords

QO9PHg-WLz8eR0qnECSOMb

E6 Applied Sociology for Nurses TK Indrani pp. 182-184, 78-80

Practise the full RUHS, Jaipur, M.Sc Nursing Entrance Exam-2023

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.