ISRO 2024
Mental Health Nursing
Easy
In bipolar disorder a major depressive episode alternates with periods of:
Appeared in: ISRO 2024
Explanation
- Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder defined by shifts between depressive episodes and periods of elevated mood.
- These elevated mood states can be either mania (in Bipolar I) or hypomania (in Bipolar II).
- Hypomania is a less severe form of mania, characterized by elevated mood and energy for at least four days, but without the severe functional impairment or psychotic features of a full manic episode.
- Bipolar II disorder specifically involves alternating periods of major depression and hypomania.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: Hyperventilation is a pattern of rapid breathing. While it can occur with anxiety, which can be comorbid with bipolar disorder, it is a physiological symptom, not a core mood episode.
- Option C: Hypothermia is a medical emergency where the body's core temperature drops to a dangerously low level. It is a physiological condition and has no direct relation to the mood cycles of bipolar disorder.
- Option D: Hypoxia is a state of inadequate oxygen supply to the tissues. It is a critical physiological problem, often related to respiratory or circulatory failure, and is not a psychiatric mood state.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Characteristics of Bipolar Disorder as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- Accurately identifying hypomanic episodes is crucial for diagnosing Bipolar II disorder and distinguishing it from major depressive disorder. Misdiagnosis can lead to inappropriate treatment (e.g., antidepressants alone), which can trigger hypomania or mania.
- Nurses must carefully assess for a history of elevated mood states in patients presenting with depression. Asking about periods of increased energy, decreased need for sleep, and impulsive behavior is key.
- Patient education is vital. Patients with Bipolar II need to understand the nature of their illness, recognize the signs of both depression and hypomania, and adhere to mood-stabilizing medications.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the core concept of the question, which is bipolar disorder and its characteristic mood episodes.
- Recall the definition of bipolar disorder: a condition involving alternating periods of depression and elevated mood.
- Analyze the options provided. Recognize that 'Hyperventilation', 'Hypothermia', and 'Hypoxia' are physiological or medical conditions, not psychiatric mood states.
- Identify 'Hypomania' as a type of elevated mood state that is characteristic of bipolar disorder, specifically Bipolar II disorder.
- Conclude that a major depressive episode alternates with periods of hypomania in this context.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Characteristics of Bipolar Disorder
- Stem keywords: bipolar disorder, major depressive episode, alternates
- Lead-in keywords: BEST, MOST RELEVANT CLUE
- Negative lead-in flag: false
Question ID
Q3M85nbXALR9VxEt5tOMfF
Reference Book
E6 Robert Boland, Marcia L. Verduin - Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Text of Psychiatry-Wolters Kluwer Health (2024) (pp 1-16525 of 16525) pp. 5414-5417, 15547-15550, 15542-15545
Practise the full ISRO 2024
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
More Mood disorders Questions
- In depression, there is deficiency of:
- The following delusions are common in depression; EXCEPT:
- A very severe elevation of mood in a manic episode is:-
- According to ICD 10 most severe symptoms of depression.
- Assessment of severe depression in a client reveals feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness; inability to feel pleasure; sleep, psychomotor, and nutr…
- The hallucination in which the content is consistent with either a depressed or manic mood is called?
- 'Handy-Dandy this is my work. I want to shop apple pie custard pie' this is an example of?
- What is flight of ideas?
- Which of the following neurotransmitter is deficient in depression?
- In the following, which is not a sign of depression?
More ISRO 2024 Questions
- The corona virus and disease if cause was identified in 2019
- Toilet training is given during which part of life?
- A patient presents with vulval itching, a sore vagina, and a profuse, white curdy discharge with erythema and redness at the introitus. What is the l…
- Which gland is also known as "Master of Orchestra"?
- The aminoglycoside antiseptic that is used as a first-line anti-TB drug is?
- A nurse is leading a discussion on coronary artery disease development in women versus men. When asked to identify the most significant risk factor f…
- Natural History of disease is studied with?
- "Foot drop" is caused by damage to which of the following nerves?
- As a nurse educating parents on the introduction of solid foods to an infant, during which month should you advise them to start?
- The presenting complaints of patients are known as?