Identify the instrument device name that provides positive pressure ventilation:

Combined AIIMS - 2020 (Jodhpur, Bhopal, Patna, Raipur)

Medical & Surgical Nursing

Medium

Appeared in: Combined AIIMS - 2020 (Jodhpur, Bhopal, Patna, Raipur)

Explanation

The image shows an AMBU (Artificial Manual Breathing Unit) bag, also known as a Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM).
This device is specifically designed to deliver positive pressure ventilation by manually squeezing the bag, which forces air into the patient's lungs.
It is a critical tool for providing respiratory support during emergencies like cardiac arrest or respiratory failure when a patient cannot breathe adequately on their own.

Option A: A Non-Rebreather mask delivers a high concentration of oxygen to a spontaneously breathing patient but does not provide positive pressure. It relies on the patient's own inspiratory effort.
Option B: A Hudson mask, or simple face mask, delivers a moderate oxygen concentration and relies entirely on the patient's own respiratory effort. It does not provide positive pressure.
Option D: A Venturi mask delivers a precise and controlled concentration of oxygen by entraining a specific amount of room air. It is designed for spontaneously breathing patients and does not provide positive pressure.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Identification and function of respiratory support and ventilation devices as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Correctly identifying and using a BVM is a fundamental skill in basic and advanced life support. It is the primary means of ventilating a patient before an advanced airway is established.
Improper BVM technique can lead to complications like gastric insufflation (forcing air into the stomach), which increases the risk of vomiting and aspiration, or barotrauma (lung injury from excessive pressure).
What if? If a patient was breathing spontaneously but had a low oxygen saturation (e.g., 85%) due to pneumonia, the most appropriate initial device would be a Non-Rebreather mask to provide high-concentration oxygen, not an AMBU bag.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the device shown in the image. Recognize it as a manual resuscitator, commonly known as an AMBU bag or BVM.
Next, analyze the question's core requirement: 'provides positive pressure ventilation'.
Recall the mechanism of action for an AMBU bag: manually squeezing the bag forces air into the lungs, which is the definition of positive pressure.
Evaluate the other options. Recall that Non-Rebreather, Hudson (simple), and Venturi masks are all oxygen delivery systems for patients who are breathing spontaneously. They augment the oxygen concentration of the air the patient breathes but do not actively push air into the lungs.
Conclude that the AMBU bag is the only device among the options that provides positive pressure ventilation.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Identification and function of respiratory support and ventilation devices.
Stem keywords: instrument device, positive pressure ventilation
Lead-in keywords: Identify