AIIMS Delhi NO - 2017
Obstetrics & Gynaecology
Medium
Identify the following image?
Appeared in: AIIMS Delhi NO - 2017
Explanation
- The image shows a fetus with both hips and knees flexed, with the buttocks and feet presenting at the pelvic inlet.
- This specific posture, where the fetus appears to be sitting cross-legged, is defined as a complete breech presentation.
- The presenting part consists of the buttocks and both feet together.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: In a Frank breech presentation, the fetus's hips are flexed, but the knees are extended, with the feet positioned up near the head. The image does not show extended knees.
- Option B: In a footling breech presentation, one or both of the fetus's feet are positioned below the buttocks, presenting first in the birth canal. The image shows the feet tucked up next to the buttocks, not below them.
- Option D: This option is incorrect because the image clearly and accurately depicts a complete breech presentation, which is one of the provided choices.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain The user is being tested on their ability to identify different types of fetal breech presentations based on a visual diagram as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- Identifying the type of breech presentation is crucial for planning the mode of delivery. Vaginal delivery of a breech baby carries risks like head entrapment or umbilical cord prolapse.
- Complete and Frank breech at term may sometimes be considered for a trial of vaginal labor under strict protocols, whereas a footling breech is almost always delivered by Cesarean section due to the high risk of cord prolapse.
- What if? If the image showed the fetus with hips flexed but knees extended (legs straight up), the correct answer would be Frank Breech. This is the most common type of breech presentation at term.
How to Approach the Question
- First, carefully examine the image to determine the posture of the fetus within the pelvis.
- Pay close attention to the position of the fetal hips and knees. Are they flexed (bent) or extended (straight)?
- Identify the presenting part—what part of the fetus is lowest in the pelvis? Is it the buttocks, feet, or both?
- Compare your observations with the definitions of the different types of breech presentations given in the options.
- Select the option that matches the fetal posture shown in the diagram. In this case, both hips and knees are flexed, which corresponds to a complete breech.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: The user is being tested on their ability to identify different types of fetal breech presentations based on a visual diagram.
- Stem keywords: Identify, image, breech presentation
- Lead-in keywords: Identify
Question ID
Qo74fSiz2V0HbBegsyYmfn
Reference Book
E6 Midwifery Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing Sandeep Kaur p. 46-54
E6 Obstetrics Williams p. 21-40
Practise the full AIIMS Delhi NO - 2017
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
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