Identify the following device?

AIIMS Rishikesh NO - 2019

Nursing Foundation

Easy

Appeared in: AIIMS Rishikesh NO - 2019

Explanation

The image displays multiple Guedel-type Oropharyngeal Airways (OPAs), which are basic airway management tools.
Key features visible are the curved plastic body, a flange to prevent over-insertion, and a hollow channel for airflow. The different colors on the flanges indicate different sizes.
An OPA is inserted into the mouth to prevent the tongue from obstructing the upper airway in an unconscious patient who lacks a gag reflex.
The device's appearance is distinct from other airway devices like NPAs, ETTs, or LMAs.

Option A: A Nasopharyngeal Airway (NPA) is a soft, flexible tube inserted through the nostril. The devices in the image are rigid and designed for oral insertion.
Option C: A Tracheal Airway, such as an Endotracheal Tube (ETT), is a much longer tube inserted past the vocal cords into the trachea for mechanical ventilation. The devices shown are shorter and sit in the pharynx.
Option D: A Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) is a supraglottic device with an inflatable cuff that forms a seal around the laryngeal inlet. It has a more complex structure than the simple curved tubes shown.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Identification and use of basic airway adjuncts, specifically the Oropharyngeal Airway (OPA) as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Correct identification and use of basic airway adjuncts like the OPA is a fundamental skill in emergency care, anesthesia, and resuscitation.
Improper sizing is a critical safety issue. An OPA that is too large can damage laryngeal structures or obstruct the airway, while one that is too small can push the tongue back, worsening the obstruction.
What if? If a patient begins to gag or shows signs of returning consciousness during OPA use, the airway should be removed immediately to prevent vomiting and aspiration. The patient's airway and breathing should then be reassessed.

How to Approach the Question

First, carefully examine the image, noting the key features of the device: its shape (curved), material (rigid plastic), and components (flange, hollow body).
Next, consider the function implied by these features. The curve suggests it is designed to follow the anatomy of the mouth and throat.
Systematically evaluate each option. Recall the defining characteristics of a Nasopharyngeal airway, Guedel airway (OPA), Tracheal airway, and Laryngeal mask airway.
Compare the device in the image to your knowledge of each option. Eliminate the options that do not match the visual evidence.
The device's features perfectly match the description of a Guedel airway or OPA, making it the correct choice.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Identification and use of basic airway adjuncts, specifically the Oropharyngeal Airway (OPA).
Stem keywords: Identify, device
Lead-in keywords: Identify

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E6 Nursing Fundamentals Potter Perry 12e Part 4 p. 254-255

E6 Nursing Fundamentals Taylor p. 734-736