All the statements are correct, except?

RRB Staff Nurse Mumbai-2015

Applied Nutrition & Dietetics

Easy

Appeared in: RRB Staff Nurse Mumbai-2015

Explanation

The statement is incorrect because basal metabolism refers to the energy expended by the body at complete rest, not in motion.
Energy expenditure during physical activity is a separate component of total energy needs, known as Activity Energy Expenditure (AEE) or activity thermogenesis.
BMR accounts for the energy required for vital involuntary functions like breathing, circulation, and maintaining body temperature.
Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) is the sum of BMR, AEE, and the Thermic Effect of Food (TEF).

Option A: This statement is correct. Measuring BMR requires standardized conditions, including being in a post-absorptive state (fasting for 10-12 hours) and at rest, which is typically done in the morning.
Option B: This statement is correct. BMR is directly influenced by factors like body size (surface area), body composition (lean mass vs. fat mass), age (BMR decreases with age), and periods of growth (BMR is higher in children).
Option C: This statement is correct. The Harris-Benedict equations, developed in the early 20th century, are a well-established method for estimating Basal Energy Expenditure (BEE), which is closely related to BMR.

Visual 1: Pie Chart - A chart illustrating the components of Total Daily Energy Expenditure, showing the relative percentages of BMR (approx. 60-75%), Physical Activity (approx. 15-30%), and the Thermic Effect of Food (approx. 10%). This visually separates BMR from energy used in motion.
Visual 2: Diagram - A diagram comparing two individuals with different body compositions (one muscular, one with higher fat mass) to illustrate how lean body mass leads to a higher BMR.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and Energy Expenditure as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Understanding BMR is crucial for nurses when planning nutritional support for patients. It helps in calculating the minimum caloric requirement to sustain life, especially for sedated, comatose, or bedridden patients.
Accurate estimation of energy needs prevents undernutrition (leading to muscle wasting and poor healing) and overnutrition (leading to obesity and related complications) in clinical settings.
What if? If a patient has a high fever (e.g., 39°C), their BMR would significantly increase (by about 10% for every 1°C rise). The nurse must anticipate this increased energy demand and adjust the nutritional plan accordingly to support the metabolic stress of the fever.

How to Approach the Question

Identify that the question uses the keyword 'except'. This means you are looking for the single statement that is false or incorrect.
Read each option carefully and evaluate its factual accuracy based on your knowledge of metabolism and energy expenditure.
Option 1: Recall the conditions for measuring BMR. Is it done in a post-absorptive state? Yes.
Option 2: Recall the factors that influence BMR. Do body size, age, etc., affect it? Yes.
Option 3: Recall methods for estimating BMR. Is the Harris-Benedict equation one of them? Yes.
Option 4: Analyze the definition of basal metabolism. Does it include the body in motion? No, it's defined at rest. This statement is false.

Concept Tested & Keywords

QCbt1lWminPaGzOkNRf0y2