DSSSB -28 August 2019 (Shift-2)
Applied Psychology
Easy
According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following options functions on the basis of the 'reality principle'?
Appeared in: DSSSB -28 August 2019 (Shift-2)
Explanation
- The Ego is the component of personality that operates based on the reality principle, as described in Freudian psychoanalytic theory.
- Its primary function is to mediate the demands of the instinctual Id, the moralistic Superego, and the constraints of the external world.
- The Ego engages in rational thinking and problem-solving to delay gratification until a realistic and socially appropriate way to satisfy a desire is found.
- This process of reality testing distinguishes the Ego from the Id, which seeks only immediate pleasure.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: Apathy is an emotional state or a symptom, characterized by a lack of feeling, interest, or concern. It is not a structural component of personality in Freud's psychoanalytic model.
- Option B: The Id operates on the 'pleasure principle'. Its sole motivation is to seek immediate gratification for primitive, instinctual urges (e.g., hunger, aggression, libido) without regard for reality or consequences.
- Option C: The Super-ego operates on the 'morality principle'. It represents the internalized ideals, values, and moral standards of society and parents, acting as a conscience and striving for perfection.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality Structure as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- Understanding the Ego's function is crucial for nurses to recognize defense mechanisms (e.g., denial, rationalization, projection), which are unconscious strategies the Ego uses to protect itself from anxiety.
- In therapeutic communication, a nurse can better understand a patient's behavior by considering the underlying conflicts between their desires (Id), morals (Superego), and their perception of reality (Ego).
- What if? If a patient with a new cardiac diagnosis is in denial (an Ego defense mechanism) about the need for lifestyle changes, a nurse's approach should not be to simply repeat facts. Instead, the nurse should explore the patient's fears and anxieties about the diagnosis, addressing the emotional conflict that is causing the Ego to employ this defense.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the key terms in the question: 'Sigmund Freud' and 'reality principle'. This immediately directs you to Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality.
- Recall the three core structures of personality in this theory: Id, Ego, and Superego.
- Associate each structure with its corresponding guiding principle. The Id is linked to the 'pleasure principle', the Ego to the 'reality principle', and the Superego to the 'morality principle'.
- Evaluate the given options. 'Apathy' is an emotional state, not a part of this structural model, so it can be eliminated.
- Compare the remaining options (Id, Super-ego, Ego) to the principle mentioned in the question ('reality principle').
- Select 'Ego' as it is the component that functions on the basis of the reality principle.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality Structure
- Stem keywords: Sigmund Freud, reality principle
- Lead-in keywords: functions on the basis of
Question ID
QaAEbJXBRhe8upQsE0ZJE5
Reference Book
E6 Kaplan Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry-2022 (pp 1-3768 of 3768) p. 3339-3341
E6 Psychology Baron Misra 5e Part 2 p. 84-86
E6 Robert Boland, Marcia L. Verduin - Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Text of Psychiatry-Wolters Kluwer Health (2024) (pp 1-16525 of 16525) p. 2980-2982
Practise the full DSSSB -28 August 2019 (Shift-2)
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
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