A patient is admitted with acute renal kidney injury, and nurse is advised to monitor strict urine output. She notices urine output is less than 100 ml. for last 24 hours, it is called:

Appeared in: AIIMS Delhi NO- 2019

Explanation

Anuria is the correct medical term for a urine output of less than 100 mL over a 24-hour period.
This specific volume is a critical indicator of severe kidney failure, as seen in advanced acute kidney injury (AKI), or complete urinary tract obstruction.
The question provides a classic definition of anuria, requiring the nurse to identify the correct terminology for this severe clinical sign.

Option B: Oliguria refers to a urine output of less than 400 mL per day. While it signifies low urine output, it is a less severe category than anuria.
Option C: Polyuria is the production of abnormally large volumes of dilute urine (more than 2.5 or 3.0 L/day). This is the opposite of the patient's condition.
Option D: Normal urine output for an adult is typically between 800 and 2,000 mL per day. The patient's output of less than 100 mL is critically abnormal.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: Use the key finding related to Assessment of urine output and related terminology (Anuria, Oliguria) to guide bedside assessment, documentation, and the next nursing action.
Anuria is a medical emergency. A nurse identifying this must immediately report the finding to the physician or advanced practitioner.
Nursing interventions include assessing for signs of urinary obstruction (e.g., bladder distention via palpation or bladder scan), reviewing for nephrotoxic medication administration, and preparing the patient for potential urgent interventions like dialysis.
What if? If the patient's urine output was 350 mL in 24 hours, the condition would be classified as Oliguria. While still a serious sign of AKI requiring intervention, it is considered less critical than Anuria.

How to Approach the Question

First, carefully read the question and identify the key clinical data provided. The critical information here is 'urine output is less than 100 ml for the last 24 hours'.
Next, recall the standard medical definitions for varying levels of urine output.
Systematically compare the given value (< 100 mL/24h) to the definitions of the terms in the options.
Anuria is defined as <100 mL/24h.
Oliguria is defined as <400 mL/24h.
Polyuria is defined as >2.5 L/24h.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Assessment of urine output and related terminology (Anuria, Oliguria).
Stem keywords: acute renal kidney injury, urine output, less than 100 ml, 24 hours
Lead-in keywords: it is called
Clinical cues: Urine output < 100 mL/24h is a critical value indicating severe renal dysfunction.

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E6 Medicine Davidson Principles Practice 24e p. 411-413

E6 Medicine Harrison 22e Part 2 p. 284-286

E6 Nursing Vital Signs p. 114-116

Practise the full AIIMS Delhi NO- 2019

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