Raj. CHO -2024: Which micronutrient or vitamin can reduce the possibility of Neural Tube Defects (NTD)?

Raj. CHO -2024

Applied Nutrition & Dietetics

Easy

Appeared in: Raj. CHO -2024

Explanation

Folic acid (Vitamin B9) is the specific micronutrient proven to reduce the risk of Neural Tube Defects (NTDs).
It plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis and cell growth, which are essential for the proper closure of the neural tube in the first 28 days of pregnancy.
Health authorities recommend a daily intake of 400 micrograms (mcg) for all women of childbearing age to prevent NTDs.
The neural tube develops into the brain and spinal cord, and defects in its closure can lead to severe birth defects like spina bifida and anencephaly.

Option A: Vitamin B12 is essential for nerve function and red blood cell formation. While some research suggests a link between its deficiency and NTDs, folic acid is the primary and most critical vitamin for NTD prevention.
Option B: Vitamin K's primary function is related to the synthesis of clotting factors in the liver. It has no established role in the development or closure of the neural tube.
Option C: Vitamin D is vital for calcium and phosphate metabolism, which is essential for bone growth and health. It is not directly involved in the process of neurulation.

Visual 1: Diagram - An illustration showing the stages of neural tube development in an embryo, highlighting the closure process. A second part of the diagram could show what happens when closure fails, resulting in spina bifida or anencephaly.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Nutritional Prevention of Neural Tube Defects as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
A nurse's primary role is to educate all women of reproductive age about the importance of daily folic acid supplementation, not just those planning a pregnancy. This is because the neural tube closes before many women realize they are pregnant.
Patient counseling should emphasize that folic acid can be obtained from fortified foods (like cereals, bread, and pasta) and a daily supplement to ensure adequate intake.
What if? If a patient reports a previous pregnancy affected by an NTD, the nurse must advise her to consult a healthcare provider. She will require a prescription for a higher dose (4 mg) of folic acid to be started at least one month before her next conception to significantly reduce the recurrence risk.

How to Approach the Question

Identify the key term in the question: 'Neural Tube Defects (NTD)'.
This is a factual recall question that tests knowledge of prenatal nutrition and birth defect prevention.
Recall the specific vitamin that is universally recommended for the prevention of NTDs.
Evaluate the options: Vitamin B12, K, and D have other primary functions in the body and during pregnancy.
Select Folic acid, as it is directly involved in the cellular processes responsible for the closure of the neural tube.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Nutritional Prevention of Neural Tube Defects
Stem keywords: micronutrient, vitamin, reduce, possibility, Neural Tube Defects, NTD
Lead-in keywords: Which

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E6 textbook of Applied Biochemistry and Nutrition & Dietetics 2nd Edition Harbans Lal (pp 26-464 of 479) p. 26-479