What is Caput Succedaneum?

Appeared in: DSSSB -28 August 2019 (Shift-2)

Explanation

Caput succedaneum is a diffuse, oedematous swelling of the soft tissues of the scalp involving the presenting part of the head during labor.
It is caused by the pressure of the cervix or vaginal wall on the fetal head, which obstructs venous and lymphatic drainage, leading to fluid accumulation.
A key characteristic is that the swelling crosses the suture lines of the skull because it is located in the subcutaneous tissue, superficial to the periosteum.
The swelling is present at birth, feels soft, pits on pressure, and typically resolves spontaneously within 24 to 48 hours.

Option A: This describes a cephalhematoma, which is a collection of blood beneath the periosteum.
Option B: Forceps marks are bruises or abrasions on the scalp caused by the application of forceps during an instrumental delivery.
Option C: Wide separation of skull sutures is a sign of conditions like increased intracranial pressure, hydrocephalus, or certain congenital disorders.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Definition and characteristics of Caput Succedaneum as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Nurses must be able to differentiate between caput succedaneum and cephalhematoma to provide accurate parental reassurance and appropriate monitoring.
While caput is benign and resolves quickly, a cephalhematoma carries a risk of hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice) as the collected blood breaks down, requiring closer observation of the infant's bilirubin levels.
Nursing care for caput succedaneum involves reassuring the parents about the benign nature and temporary duration of the swelling and documenting the finding. No specific treatment is needed.

How to Approach the Question

This is a factual recall question asking for the definition of a specific medical term.
First, identify the key term in the question: 'Caput Succedaneum'.
Recall the definition of this term, focusing on its key features: type of fluid (oedema/serum), location (scalp soft tissue), and relationship to skull sutures (crosses them).
Evaluate each option against this definition.
Option A describes a cephalhematoma (blood collection under the periosteum).
Option B describes an injury from instruments.

Concept Tested & Keywords

QVUu3sh8C3mGvWwjWJvq7v

E6 Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics(2024) — Volume 1 p. 1065-1067

E6 Obstetrics Williams p. 18-34

Practise the full DSSSB -28 August 2019 (Shift-2)

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.