DSSSB - 29 August 2019 (Shift-1)
Anatomy and Physiology
Easy
The neurotransmitter that decreases feeding is?
Appeared in: DSSSB - 29 August 2019 (Shift-1)
Explanation
- Leptin is a hormone produced by adipose (fat) cells that plays a crucial role in regulating energy balance.
- It acts on the hypothalamus in the brain to signal satiety, or a feeling of fullness.
- This signaling action suppresses appetite and reduces food intake, making it an anorexigenic (appetite-decreasing) hormone.
- Leptin levels are directly proportional to the amount of body fat; as fat stores increase, leptin levels rise, which should ideally lead to decreased food consumption.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option B: Cortisol, a stress hormone, generally increases appetite (is orexigenic), particularly for high-calorie, palatable foods. It does not decrease feeding.
- Option C: Endorphins are opioid peptides that enhance the pleasure and reward associated with eating, which tends to increase food intake rather than decrease it.
- Option D: Ghrelin is known as the "hunger hormone." It is produced by the stomach and its primary function is to stimulate appetite, making it a potent orexigenic (appetite-increasing) signal.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Hormonal Regulation of Appetite as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- Understanding the roles of leptin and ghrelin is fundamental to comprehending the pathophysiology of obesity. Many obese individuals have high levels of leptin but are resistant to its effects, a condition known as 'leptin resistance'.
- These hormonal pathways are targets for pharmacological treatments for obesity and eating disorders. For example, GLP-1 agonists, used for diabetes, also promote weight loss by enhancing satiety signals.
- What if? If a patient has a rare genetic deficiency causing a lack of leptin production, they would experience insatiable hunger (hyperphagia) and develop severe early-onset obesity. The correct treatment would be leptin replacement therapy, not general diet advice.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the key directive in the question: 'decreases feeding'. This means you are looking for an anorexigenic substance.
- Next, analyze the options provided, which are all hormones or neurochemicals related to appetite.
- Recall the primary function of each substance: Leptin (satiety), Ghrelin (hunger), Cortisol (stress-related appetite), and Endorphins (reward-related eating).
- Compare the function of each option to the question's requirement. Leptin is the only hormone listed whose primary role is to signal satiety and decrease food intake.
- Therefore, select Leptin as the correct answer.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Hormonal Regulation of Appetite
- Stem keywords: neurotransmitter, decreases feeding
- Lead-in keywords: is
- Negative lead-in flag: false
Question ID
QszUtRj4R-n-BeDgTdnKEc
Reference Book
E6 Robert Boland, Marcia L. Verduin - Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Text of Psychiatry-Wolters Kluwer Health (2024) (pp 1-16525 of 16525) p. 674-676
E6 Pathology- ROBBINS & COTRAN PATHOLOGIC BASIS OF DISEASE 10TH Ed p. 453-455
E6 Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics(2024) — Volume 1 p. 487-489
Practise the full DSSSB - 29 August 2019 (Shift-1)
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
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