The Jamshidi triphine needle is commonly used for:

DSSSB 13 August 2024

Medical Surgical Nursing

Easy

Appeared in: DSSSB 13 August 2024

Explanation

The Jamshidi needle is the gold standard instrument for performing bone marrow aspiration and biopsy.
Bone marrow biopsy is a primary diagnostic procedure for hematological malignancies, which include various forms of bone marrow cancer like leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma.
The needle's design allows for the extraction of a core tissue sample from the bone marrow, which is essential for examining the marrow's architecture and cellularity.
Therefore, its common use is directly linked to the diagnosis of bone marrow cancer.

Option A: Escharotomy is an emergency surgical incision made through burned tissue (eschar) to relieve pressure and restore circulation. It is performed with a scalpel or electrocautery, not a bone biopsy needle.
Option B: Craniotomy is a neurosurgical procedure that involves opening the skull to access the brain. It requires specialized cranial drills and saws, which are very different from a Jamshidi needle.
Option C: Debridement is the general term for removing dead or infected tissue from a wound. While various sharp instruments can be used (like scalpels or scissors), a Jamshidi needle is not one of them as it is designed for bone penetration, not soft tissue removal.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Identification and use of specialized medical instruments as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
A nurse's role during a bone marrow biopsy includes preparing the patient, ensuring informed consent, positioning the patient (usually in a prone or lateral position), assisting the provider, and providing post-procedure care.
Post-procedure care is critical and involves applying firm pressure to the biopsy site to prevent bleeding, monitoring for signs of hemorrhage or infection, and managing the patient's pain.
What if? If the patient has a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia), the risk of bleeding after the procedure is significantly higher. The nurse must ensure prolonged pressure is applied to the site and monitor vital signs and the dressing more frequently for any signs of hematoma formation or active bleeding.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key term in the question: 'Jamshidi trephine needle'.
Recognize that 'trephine' refers to an instrument used for cutting a circular piece of bone.
Recall or deduce the primary function of this specific needle. The name 'Jamshidi' is strongly associated with hematology and oncology.
Evaluate the options based on this knowledge. 'Bone marrow cancer' requires a bone marrow biopsy for diagnosis.
Eliminate the other options by identifying the correct instruments for those procedures: Escharotomy (scalpel), Craniotomy (cranial drill), and Debridement (scalpel/scissors).

Concept Tested & Keywords

Qfw3CViNcDrmtzXw_Xfgc3

E6 Ghai Essential Pediatrics(pp 26-904 of 913) pp. 785-787, 784-786