Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists : List I
(Developmental task) List II
(Stage of growth and development) A. Develops a sense of trust B. Develops autonomy C. Develops initiative and purpose D. Develops a sense of accomplishment

Appeared in: ESIC Nursing Officer-7July 2024

Explanation

This question tests the knowledge of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which describes stages of human development from infancy to late adulthood.
The correct option correctly pairs each developmental task with its corresponding stage as per Erikson's framework.
A (Trust) matches with Infancy (Trust vs. Mistrust).
B (Autonomy) matches with Toddlerhood (Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt).
C (Initiative) matches with the Preschool stage (Initiative vs. Guilt).
D (Accomplishment/Industry) matches with the School-age stage (Industry vs. Inferiority).

Option A: This option incorrectly matches 'Develops a sense of trust' (A) with stage 2 (School-age) and 'Develops a sense of accomplishment' (D) with stage 3 (Infancy). Trust is developed in infancy, and a sense of accomplishment (industry) is developed during the school-age years.
Option B: This option incorrectly matches 'Develops a sense of trust' (A) with stage 2 (School-age) and 'Develops autonomy' (B) with stage 1 (Preschool), among other errors. Trust is developed in infancy, and autonomy is developed in toddlerhood.
Option D: This option correctly matches 'Develops a sense of trust' (A) with stage 3 (Infancy) and 'Develops a sense of accomplishment' (D) with stage 2 (School-age). However, it incorrectly swaps the stages for autonomy and initiative, matching 'Develops autonomy' (B) with stage 1 (Preschool) and 'Develops initiative' (C) with stage 4 (Toddler).

Visual 1: Chart - A table or flowchart illustrating Erikson's eight stages of psychosocial development, highlighting the first four stages with their corresponding age groups, psychosocial crises, and resulting virtues (Hope, Will, Purpose, Competence).

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Understanding Erikson's stages is fundamental for nurses to provide age-appropriate care. It helps in assessing a child's developmental level and planning interventions that support healthy psychosocial development.
For example, when caring for a toddler, a nurse can promote autonomy by offering simple choices, such as which arm to use for a blood pressure reading or choosing between two different flavors of medication if possible.
What if? If a school-aged child is hospitalized and is not allowed to participate in their care or is constantly criticized for not doing tasks perfectly, they may develop feelings of inferiority. The nurse's role is to provide opportunities for achievement (e.g., helping to manage their own intake/output chart) to foster a sense of industry.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the core concept being tested, which is Erikson's theory of psychosocial development.
Recall the first four stages of Erikson's theory: Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy), Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (Toddler), Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool), and Industry vs. Inferiority (School-age).
Match each developmental task in List I to its corresponding stage.
A. 'Sense of trust' corresponds to Infancy.
B. 'Autonomy' corresponds to Toddler.
C. 'Initiative' corresponds to Preschool.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development
Stem keywords: Developmental task, Stage of growth and development, sense of trust, autonomy, initiative, accomplishment
Lead-in keywords: Match List I with List II

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Practise the full ESIC Nursing Officer-7July 2024

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.