Infection of the urinary bladder caused by Escherichia coli, a type of bacteria commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract, is called?

1. A

   Pyelonephritis

2. B

   Cystitis

3. C

   Urethritis

4. D

   Nephrotic syndrome

Appeared in: Tripura CHO - 2021

Explanation

• Cystitis is the specific medical term for inflammation and infection of the urinary bladder.
• It is classified as a lower urinary tract infection (UTI).
• The most common causative organism for uncomplicated cystitis is Escherichia coli (E. coli), which accounts for 80-90% of cases.
• Symptoms are typically localized to the lower urinary tract and include dysuria (painful urination), frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.

Why Other Options Were Wrong

• Option A: Pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidneys and renal pelvis, not the bladder. It is an upper UTI and is considered more severe than cystitis.
• Option C: Urethritis is the inflammation or infection of the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. While it can cause similar symptoms like dysuria, the primary site of infection is different.
• Option D: Nephrotic syndrome is not an infection. It is a kidney disorder characterized by a collection of symptoms including massive proteinuria (large amounts of protein in the urine), hypoalbuminemia (low protein in the blood), and edema (swelling).

Related Visual

Clinical Relevance

• Nursing practice connection: Knowing Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) and their classification helps nurses interpret findings accurately and avoid errors in routine assessment, medication administration, and patient teaching.
• Nurses play a crucial role in patient education for preventing UTIs. Key teaching points include proper perineal hygiene (wiping front to back for females), adequate fluid intake, and voiding habits (e.g., after intercourse).
• It is vital for nurses to assess for and recognize the signs of an upper UTI (pyelonephritis), such as fever and flank pain, as this indicates a more serious infection that requires prompt medical intervention to prevent complications like sepsis or kidney damage.
• What if? If the patient with a bladder infection also developed a high fever, chills, and severe pain in their flank (side/back), the condition has likely progressed to pyelonephritis. This requires more aggressive treatment, often with intravenous antibiotics, and possibly hospitalization.

How to Approach the Question

• First, identify the key terms in the question stem: 'infection' and 'urinary bladder'.
• Next, analyze the options provided, which are all medical terms related to the urinary system.
• Break down the medical terms based on their roots: 'cyst-' refers to the bladder, 'pyelo-' and 'nephro-' refer to the kidney, and 'urethr-' refers to the urethra.
• Match the key term from the question, 'urinary bladder', with its corresponding medical root, 'cyst-'.
• This direct association points to 'Cystitis' as the correct answer.
• Confirm by eliminating the other options: Pyelonephritis (kidney), Urethritis (urethra), and Nephrotic syndrome (a non-infectious kidney disorder).

Concept Tested & Keywords

• Concept Tested: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) and their classification.
• Stem keywords: infection, urinary bladder, Escherichia coli
• Lead-in keywords: is called
• Negative lead-in flag: false

Question ID

QI0AcPtcNZ9VjdpRUMhRWj

Copy ID

Reference Book

E6 Pathology- ROBBINS & COTRAN PATHOLOGIC BASIS OF DISEASE 10TH Ed p. 955-957

E6 Medicine Harrison 22e Part 1 p. 1327-1329