Fungal laryngitis can be treated by using:

Appeared in: RIMS Nursing Officer - 2022

Explanation

Fungal laryngitis is an infection of the larynx caused by a fungus, most commonly from the Candida species.
Treatment requires a medication with antifungal properties.
Fluconazole is a systemic triazole antifungal agent that is a preferred treatment for mucocutaneous candidiasis, which includes oral, esophageal, and laryngeal infections.
It works by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of the fungal cell membrane, thereby stopping fungal growth.

Option A: Donnatal is a combination medication (phenobarbital, hyoscyamine, atropine, scopolamine) used as an antispasmodic to treat conditions like irritable bowel syndrome. It has no antifungal properties.
Option C: Promethazine is a first-generation antihistamine with antiemetic and sedative effects. It is used for allergies, motion sickness, and nausea/vomiting but has no activity against fungi.
Option D: Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant medication used primarily to control seizures in epilepsy and to treat neuropathic pain, such as trigeminal neuralgia. It does not have any antifungal effects.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Pharmacological treatment of fungal laryngitis as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
A key nursing role is identifying patients at high risk for fungal laryngitis, such as those using steroid inhalers, and providing preventive education.
Patient teaching is crucial. Nurses must instruct patients to rinse their mouth and gargle with water after each use of an inhaled corticosteroid to minimize local steroid concentration and reduce the risk of oral and laryngeal candidiasis.
Nurses should monitor for adverse effects of fluconazole, such as gastrointestinal upset and elevated liver enzymes, especially with prolonged use.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the core concept in the question stem: the treatment for 'Fungal laryngitis'.
Recognize that a 'fungal' condition requires an 'antifungal' medication.
Next, analyze the drug class of each option provided.
Donnatal is an antispasmodic.
Fluconazole is an antifungal.
Promethazine is an antihistamine.

Concept Tested & Keywords

QapBERpOpziGfMv2HlC4gR

E6 Medicine Harrison 22e Part 1 p. 1751-1753

E6 Pharmacology Nursing Lilley 11e Part 3 p. 41-43

Practise the full RIMS Nursing Officer - 2022

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.