Congenital deformity in which the foot has a club-like appearance is called:

Appeared in: AIIMS Raipur lecturer 2021

Explanation

Talipes equinovarus is the specific medical term for clubfoot, a common congenital deformity.
The condition is characterized by the foot being twisted downwards (equinus) and inwards (varus), giving it a 'club' shape.
It is a complex deformity involving the bones, muscles, and tendons of the foot and is present at birth.
The mnemonic CAVE (Cavus, Adductus, Varus, Equinus) is often used to remember the components of the deformity.

Option A: Dislocation refers to the displacement of a bone from its joint. It is a type of injury, not a specific congenital deformity describing the shape of the foot.
Option B: Genu valgum, or 'knock-knees,' is a deformity related to the alignment of the knees, causing them to touch or 'knock' together. It does not involve the foot's shape.
Option C: Scoliosis is a condition characterized by a lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine. It is unrelated to deformities of the foot.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Congenital Musculoskeletal Deformities as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Early identification of Talipes Equinovarus during the newborn assessment is critical, as treatment (Ponseti method) is most effective when started within the first few weeks of life.
Nurses play a vital role in cast care, performing regular neurovascular checks to prevent complications like compartment syndrome, and providing comprehensive education and emotional support to parents.
Parental adherence to the long-term bracing protocol is essential for preventing relapse. Nurses must emphasize this to ensure successful long-term outcomes.

How to Approach the Question

Analyze the question stem to identify the key terms: 'congenital deformity,' 'foot,' and 'club-like appearance'.
Recognize this as a medical terminology question requiring you to match a clinical description to the correct medical term.
Evaluate each option based on your knowledge of musculoskeletal deformities.
Eliminate 'Genu valgum' (knees) and 'Scoliosis' (spine) as they do not affect the foot.
Differentiate between 'Dislocation' (a general joint injury) and 'Talipes equinovarus'.
Conclude that 'Talipes equinovarus' is the specific term for the congenital foot deformity described as clubfoot.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics(2024) — Volume 2 p. 2012-2014

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