All the statement are correct EXCEPT

RRB Staff Nurse Ahmedabad-2015

Applied Nutrition & Dietetics

Easy

Appeared in: RRB Staff Nurse Ahmedabad-2015

Explanation

The statement 'Energy needs of the body in motion are called Basal metabolism' is factually incorrect.
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is defined as the energy expended by the body to maintain vital functions while at complete physical and mental rest, not during motion.
The energy required for movement and exercise is a separate component of total energy expenditure, often called 'physical activity level' or 'activity thermogenesis'.
Total energy needs are calculated by adding the energy for physical activity and the thermic effect of food to the BMR.

Option A: This is a correct statement. To get an accurate BMR measurement, the subject must be in a resting, post-absorptive state (fasting for 10-12 hours), typically measured in the morning.
Option B: This is a correct statement. BMR is directly influenced by body size (surface area), body composition (muscle vs. fat), age, and periods of growth, among other factors.
Option C: This is a correct statement. The Harris-Benedict equations are well-established and commonly used formulas to estimate an individual's basal energy needs when direct calorimetry is not feasible.

Visual 1: Pie Chart - 'Components of Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE)'. This chart would visually break down TDEE into its three main parts: Basal Metabolic Rate (approx. 60-70%), Physical Activity (approx. 20-30%), and Thermic Effect of Food (approx. 10%). This helps to clearly distinguish BMR from energy used for motion.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Nurses use BMR estimations to calculate a patient's total caloric needs, which is crucial for planning nutritional support, especially for critically ill, post-surgical, or malnourished patients.
Understanding factors that alter BMR, such as fever, infection (sepsis), or trauma, allows nurses to anticipate increased metabolic demands and advocate for appropriate nutritional interventions to prevent catabolism and support recovery.
What if? If a patient develops a high fever (e.g., 39°C), the nurse should recognize that the patient's BMR has significantly increased. This requires close monitoring of hydration status and an adjustment in the nutritional plan to provide more calories to meet the heightened energy demand and prevent tissue breakdown.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the keyword 'EXCEPT'. This tells you that three of the options are correct statements and one is incorrect. Your task is to find the false statement.
Read the question stem to identify the core topic, which is 'Basal metabolism' or 'Basal Metabolic Rate' (BMR).
Evaluate each option against the fundamental definition of BMR. Ask yourself, 'What is BMR?' BMR is the energy the body uses at complete rest.
Test Option A: Does measuring BMR in a post-absorptive state make sense? Yes, to avoid the energy cost of digestion.
Test Option B: Do size, age, and composition affect BMR? Yes, these are known physiological factors.
Test Option C: Is the Harris-Benedict equation related to BMR? Yes, it's a famous formula to estimate it.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Stem keywords: Basal metabolic Rate, Basal Energy needs, Basal metabolism
Lead-in keywords: EXCEPT
Negative lead-in flag: This question asks for the INCORRECT statement (exception).

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