IGNOU PB. Bsc. Nsg. Entrance-2025
Child Health Nursing (Pediatrics)
Easy
A newborn if kept naked on cold surface loses heat by :
Appeared in: IGNOU PB. Bsc. Nsg. Entrance-2025
Explanation
- Conduction is the transfer of heat between two objects that are in direct physical contact.
- In the scenario provided, the newborn's body is in direct contact with a 'cold surface'.
- Heat flows from the warmer object (the newborn's skin) to the cooler object (the surface) until their temperatures equalize.
- This is a major source of heat loss for newborns, especially if placed on cold scales, examination tables, or mattresses.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option B: Convection is heat loss to moving air, not a solid surface. The question specifies a 'cold surface', not a draft or fan.
- Option C: Evaporation is heat loss from the conversion of liquid to gas. The question describes a dry, naked newborn on a cold surface, not a wet one.
- Option D: Radiation is heat loss to nearby cold objects without direct contact. The question explicitly states the baby is 'on' the surface, implying direct contact.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Mechanisms of heat loss in a newborn as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- Preventing hypothermia is a critical nursing priority for newborns. They have limited ability to regulate their own temperature and can quickly develop 'cold stress'.
- Cold stress forces the newborn to use more oxygen and glucose to generate heat, which can lead to respiratory distress and hypoglycemia.
- Nurses must always pre-warm surfaces, use warm blankets, dry the infant immediately after birth, and place a cap on the head to minimize heat loss from all four mechanisms.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the key terms in the question: 'newborn', 'naked', and 'on cold surface'.
- The phrase 'on cold surface' is the most critical clue, as it implies direct physical contact.
- Next, recall the four mechanisms of heat transfer (conduction, convection, radiation, evaporation).
- Match the definition of each mechanism to the scenario described.
- Conduction is defined as heat transfer through direct contact. This perfectly matches the scenario of a baby 'on' a cold surface.
- Eliminate the other options: Convection involves air currents, evaporation involves liquid turning to gas, and radiation involves non-contact transfer to nearby objects.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Mechanisms of heat loss in a newborn.
- Stem keywords: newborn, naked, cold surface, loses heat
- Lead-in keywords: BEST, MOST RELEVANT CLUE
- Clinical cues: The phrase 'on cold surface' is the key clinical cue, as it implies direct physical contact.
- Negative lead-in flag: false
Question ID
QAyW1z7XNOOl7fNccnxQLa
Reference Book
E6 Nursing Fundamentals Potter Perry 12e Part 3 p. 10-12
E6 Physiology Ganong 27e Vol 1 Part 2 p. 97-99
E6 Nursing Fundamentals Potter Perry 12e Part 4 p. 172-174
Practise the full IGNOU PB. Bsc. Nsg. Entrance-2025
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
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