SJH Nursing Officer - 2019
Applied Microbiology & Infection control
Easy
A killed vaccine is?
Appeared in: SJH Nursing Officer - 2019
Explanation
- The Rabies vaccine is a classic example of a killed (inactivated) vaccine.
- It is produced by growing the rabies virus in cell culture and then inactivating it with chemicals.
- Because the virus is killed, it cannot cause the disease, making it safe for post-exposure prophylaxis.
- Killed vaccines like the rabies vaccine are generally considered safe for a wider population, including individuals with compromised immune systems, as they cannot replicate in the host.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine) is a live attenuated vaccine, meaning it contains a weakened form of the live poliovirus.
- Option B: BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) is a live attenuated vaccine used to protect against tuberculosis. It contains a weakened strain of Mycobacterium bovis.
- Option C: MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) is a combination live attenuated vaccine. It contains weakened live viruses for all three diseases.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Classification of vaccines as live attenuated versus killed (inactivated) as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- Understanding the type of vaccine is critical for patient safety. Live vaccines are generally contraindicated in pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals because the weakened pathogen could potentially cause disease in these vulnerable populations.
- Nurses must be aware of the correct storage requirements. Live vaccines are often more sensitive to heat and light than killed vaccines and require strict cold chain maintenance to remain effective.
- What if the patient was a newborn? A nurse must know the national immunization schedule. For example, BCG is given at birth, while MMR is typically given after 9 months of age.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the core concept of the question, which is to identify a 'killed vaccine'.
- Recall the two main classifications of vaccines: live attenuated and inactivated (killed).
- Systematically review each option and classify it based on your knowledge.
- OPV: Live attenuated virus.
- BCG: Live attenuated bacteria.
- MMR: Live attenuated virus.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Classification of vaccines as live attenuated versus killed (inactivated)
- Stem keywords: killed vaccine, vaccine
- Lead-in keywords: is
Question ID
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Reference Book
E6 Parks TextBook of Preventive & Social Medicine part 1 — Subpart A (pp 26-201 of 604) pp. 96-98, 97-99
Practise the full SJH Nursing Officer - 2019
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
More Immunity Questions
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- Which of the following is NOT a type of vaccine?
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