Who introduced the Ryotwari System in India ?

Appeared in: Haryana CHO -2023

Explanation

The Ryotwari System was a land revenue system introduced in British India.
It was introduced by Sir Thomas Munro and Alexander Read in 1820.
The system established a direct settlement between the government and the cultivator (ryot), who was recognized as the landowner as long as the land revenue was paid.
This system was primarily implemented in the Madras and Bombay Presidencies, as well as parts of Assam and Coorg.

Option A: Lord Cornwallis is associated with the Zamindari System (also known as the Permanent Settlement) introduced in 1793, not the Ryotwari System.
Option C: John Shore was a key figure in the planning of the Permanent Settlement along with Lord Cornwallis, but he did not introduce the Ryotwari System.
Option D: Warren Hastings introduced the Izaredari System in 1773, which involved auctioning the right to collect revenue to the highest bidder.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Land Revenue Systems in British India as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
This topic is part of the General Knowledge and Current Affairs section, which is a common component of nursing and other competitive recruitment examinations in India.
A broad general knowledge base, including key events in Indian history, is essential for aspiring professionals to succeed in these competitive exams.
What if the question asked about the Mahalwari system? The answer would be Holt Mackenzie, who introduced it in 1822 in the North-Western Provinces, parts of Central India, and Punjab.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key term in the question: 'Ryotwari System'.
This is a factual recall question from the Modern Indian History section of General Knowledge.
Access your knowledge about the different land revenue systems implemented by the British in India.
Try to associate the name 'Ryotwari' with the historical figure responsible for it. The term 'ryot' means peasant, which is a clue that this system involved direct dealing with farmers.
If unsure, use the process of elimination. Recall that Lord Cornwallis is famously associated with the 'Zamindari System' or 'Permanent Settlement'. This eliminates option A.
Similarly, recall that Warren Hastings is linked to the 'Izaredari' or auctioning system, eliminating option D.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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Practise the full Haryana CHO -2023

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.