DSSSB 6 September 2024: Who among the following introduced the Health Model?

DSSSB 6 September 2024

Nursing Foundation

Easy

Appeared in: DSSSB 6 September 2024

Explanation

Irwin M. Rosenstock was one of the initial developers of the Health Belief Model (HBM) in the 1950s.
The HBM is a widely used framework in public health for understanding why individuals do or do not engage in health-related behaviors.
The model posits that health-seeking behavior is influenced by perceptions of susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers.
The question's term 'Health Model' is best interpreted as the foundational Health Belief Model, making Rosenstock the correct choice among the options.

Option A: Ida Jean Orlando is a prominent nursing theorist, but she developed the Nursing Process Theory, which is about the interactive process between a nurse and a patient, not a general model of health behavior.
Option B: Barbara Kineck is not a recognized theorist associated with any major, widely taught health or nursing model. This option serves as a distractor.
Option D: Dr. Nola J. Pender developed the Health Promotion Model (HPM), which is different from the Health Belief Model. The HPM focuses on achieving positive health outcomes and well-being, whereas the HBM is rooted in disease prevention and threat avoidance.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Founders of Major Health and Nursing Theories as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Nurses use the Health Belief Model to assess a patient's readiness to change and to tailor health education. By understanding a patient's perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers, a nurse can create more effective interventions.
For example, when teaching a newly diagnosed diabetic patient, a nurse can use the HBM to explore if the patient truly believes they are at risk for complications (susceptibility), understands the seriousness of those complications (severity), and sees the value of diet changes (benefits), while also addressing their fears or difficulties (barriers).
What if? If a patient expresses no fear of disease but wants to 'feel better and have more energy,' the Health Promotion Model (HPM) by Nola Pender would be a more appropriate framework for the nurse to use, as it focuses on achieving a higher level of well-being rather than just avoiding illness.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the core of the question: it asks to identify the founder of the 'Health Model'.
Recognize that 'Health Model' is a general term, but it most commonly refers to the foundational 'Health Belief Model' (HBM) in nursing and public health education.
Scan the options and recall the major contributions of each theorist. You should recognize Nola Pender and Ida Jean Orlando as major nursing theorists.
Differentiate between the models. Nola Pender is famous for the Health Promotion Model. Irwin M. Rosenstock is a key figure in the development of the Health Belief Model.
Based on this differentiation, select Irwin M. Rosenstock as the best fit for the 'Health Belief Model'.
Eliminate Ida Jean Orlando (Nursing Process Theory) and the unknown option (Barbara Kineck) as incorrect.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Nursing Fundamentals Taylor p. 39-41

E6 NursingResearch Polit 11e Part 1 p. 131-133