INI-CET EXAM -2025
Medical & Surgical Nursing
Easy
Which of the following statements about Rheumatic fever is false?
Appeared in: INI-CET EXAM -2025
Explanation
- The statement is false because rheumatic fever characteristically causes pancarditis, which is inflammation of all layers of the heart.
- Endocarditis (inflammation of the endocardium) is a hallmark of rheumatic carditis and is responsible for the most severe, long-term complication: permanent damage to the heart valves (rheumatic heart disease).
- Myocarditis and pericarditis also occur, but stating there is no endocarditis is incorrect.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: This statement is true. Rheumatic fever is a delayed complication of a streptococcal throat infection, with a typical latent period of 2-3 weeks (10 days to several weeks) between the sore throat and the onset of rheumatic symptoms.
- Option B: This statement is true. Aschoff bodies are microscopic inflammatory nodules found in the heart tissue of patients with rheumatic fever. They are considered a pathognomonic sign of rheumatic carditis.
- Option C: This statement is true. Rheumatic fever is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease that develops as a sequela to pharyngitis caused by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes).
Related Visual
- Visual 1: Diagram: Illustration of the heart showing pancarditis, with labels for the inflamed pericardium, myocardium, and endocardium (especially the valves). This helps visualize why the correct answer is false.
- Visual 2: Micrograph: Image of an Aschoff body in the myocardium. This would clarify what is meant by this pathognomonic sign.
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of Rheumatic Fever as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- A key nursing role is educating patients and families on the importance of completing the full course of antibiotics for streptococcal throat infections to prevent rheumatic fever (primary prevention).
- For patients diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever, nurses must closely monitor for signs of carditis, such as new heart murmurs, tachycardia, chest pain, or signs of heart failure, and report them promptly.
- What if? If a patient with a history of rheumatic fever presents with a new sore throat, the priority is rapid testing and treatment for strep infection to prevent a recurrence, which carries a higher risk of severe heart damage.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the core subject: Rheumatic Fever.
- Recognize that the question asks for the 'false' statement. This means you need to evaluate each option to find the one that is factually incorrect.
- Recall or look up the key characteristics of Rheumatic Fever: its cause (Group A Strep), its timeline (post-sore throat), and its major manifestations (especially carditis).
- Evaluate Option A: Is there a 2-week latency? Yes, this is typical.
- Evaluate Option B: Are Aschoff bodies seen? Yes, they are the classic pathological finding.
- Evaluate Option C: Is it caused by Group A Strep? Yes, this is the trigger.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of Rheumatic Fever.
- Stem keywords: Rheumatic fever, false
- Lead-in keywords: false
- Negative lead-in flag: The question asks for the FALSE statement, meaning three of the options are true facts about Rheumatic Fever.
Question ID
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