Which of the following is the most logical sequence?

Maharashtra CHO - 2020

Fundamental of Nursing

Easy

Appeared in: Maharashtra CHO - 2020

Explanation

The correct sequence is Disease → Impairment → Disability → Handicap, as established by the WHO's International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH).
A Disease is the initial pathological condition.
It causes an Impairment, which is a loss of function at the organ level (e.g., loss of a limb).
This impairment leads to a Disability, which is a restriction in performing an activity at the individual level (e.g., inability to walk).
Finally, the disability can result in a Handicap, which is a social disadvantage (e.g., inability to work or participate in community activities).

Option A: This sequence incorrectly places 'Impairment' before 'Disease'. A disease or disorder is the origin that causes an impairment.
Option C: This sequence incorrectly swaps 'Handicap' and 'Disability'. A disability is the functional limitation at the person level, which then leads to a handicap, the social disadvantage.
Option D: This sequence is illogical as it places 'Handicap' immediately after 'Disease'. A handicap is the final social consequence that arises from the functional limitations caused by an impairment.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain WHO's Model of Disease Consequences (ICIDH) as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Understanding this sequence helps nurses perform a holistic assessment, moving beyond the medical diagnosis to consider the functional and social impact on the patient.
It is the foundation for rehabilitation nursing, where the goal is to limit disability and prevent handicap through medical, vocational, and social interventions.
Nurses can use this model to advocate for patients, ensuring they receive not just medical treatment but also resources like occupational therapy, assistive devices, and social support to overcome handicaps.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the four key terms in the question: Disease, Impairment, Disability, and Handicap.
Recall or deduce the logical flow of consequences. A health problem starts with a cause (Disease).
Consider the levels of impact. The disease affects a body part (Impairment), which in turn affects the person's ability to perform tasks (Disability).
Finally, the person's inability to perform tasks affects their role and participation in society (Handicap).
Arrange the terms in this logical cause-and-effect sequence: Disease → Impairment → Disability → Handicap.
Compare your derived sequence with the given options to find the correct match.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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