HP CHO -9 October 2022
Medical & Surgical Nursing
Easy
Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases?
Appeared in: HP CHO -9 October 2022
Explanation
- Cigarette smoking is classified as a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease because it is a lifestyle behavior that an individual can choose to change or stop.
- The act of smoking directly contributes to atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and a prothrombotic state, all of which are central to the development of CVD.
- Quitting smoking is a primary prevention strategy that has been proven to significantly decrease morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular events.
- Unlike inherent traits, smoking is a habit that can be addressed through behavioral counseling, pharmacotherapy, and patient education, making it a key target for nursing interventions.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: Age is a non-modifiable risk factor. The risk for cardiovascular disease increases with age, but a person cannot change how old they are.
- Option B: Genetic factors refer to the inherited genetic makeup of an individual, which can predispose them to certain diseases. These are non-modifiable as they cannot be altered.
- Option C: Family history is a well-established non-modifiable risk factor. Having a close relative with premature CVD increases one's own risk, but this historical fact cannot be changed.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Modifiable vs. Non-Modifiable Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- Nurses play a crucial role in patient education by focusing on modifiable risk factors to prevent chronic diseases like CVD. This is a cornerstone of primary prevention.
- A key nursing responsibility is to assess for and address modifiable risks like smoking during every patient encounter, using evidence-based strategies like the 5 A's for cessation counseling.
- What if? If a patient had a strong family history of CVD (a non-modifiable risk) but was a non-smoker, the nurse's focus would shift to aggressively managing other modifiable risks like diet, exercise, and blood pressure, as the baseline genetic risk is already high.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the key term in the question: "modifiable risk factor". Understand that 'modifiable' means something that can be changed or controlled.
- Evaluate each option based on this definition.
- Consider 'Age'. Can a person change their age? No. It is non-modifiable.
- Consider 'Genetic factor'. Can a person change their genes? No. It is non-modifiable.
- Consider 'Family history'. Can a person change their family's medical history? No. It is non-modifiable.
- Consider 'Cigarette smoking'. Is this a behavior that a person can change? Yes, a person can quit smoking. It is modifiable.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Modifiable vs. Non-Modifiable Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease
- Stem keywords: modifiable risk factor, cardiovascular diseases
- Lead-in keywords: Which of the following is
Question ID
Q0jW5fFZ97I0vOEc_6HWwV
Reference Book
E6 Nursing Fundamentals Potter Perry 12e Part 1 pp. 96-98, 97-99
E6 PATHOLOGY QUICK REVIEWBased on Harsh Mohan Textbook of PATHOLOGY p. 185-187
Practise the full HP CHO -9 October 2022
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
More Cardiovascular, Circulatory, and Hematologic Function Questions
- A patient was brought to ED with complaint of chest pain from last 1 hour. Which test is done to detect myocardial infarction?
- A patient is undergoing blood transfusion and suddenly shows complaints of transfusion reaction. What will be the priority nursing intervention?
- Normal hemoglobin level in adult is:
- The following all are blood transfusion complications from; EXCEPT:
- Symptoms of acute blood loss are:
- An obstruction of blood flowing from the left atrium into the left ventricle is known as:
- 'Sequestration crisis' is related to:
- Which is the most common HIV related malignancy?
- Calculate the pulse pressure from the below image of cardiac monitor:
- Identify the use of following machine used in pneumatic compression device:
More HP CHO -9 October 2022 Questions
- Early diagnosis and treatment is an example of:
- Reversibility is a characteristic feature of:
- Which of the following is the best conflict management style?
- Which of the following is NOT an external cause of frustration?
- Individual's life goal is:
- A client expresses the belief that armed forces are out to kill him. This is an example of:
- A false belief unexplained by reality, shared by several people is:
- Preoccupation with body diseases is seen in:
- All are Bleuler's 4 A's of schizophrenia except:
- All are affective disorders EXCEPT: