Which of the following diseases is mainly spread through Feco-Oral Route?

MP CHO -2019 (Shift-2)

Applied Microbiology & Infection control

Easy

Appeared in: MP CHO -2019 (Shift-2)

Explanation

Poliomyelitis is caused by the poliovirus, which is a member of the enterovirus group.
The virus enters the body through the mouth, primarily multiplies in the pharynx and gastrointestinal tract, and is shed in the feces.
This shedding in feces allows the virus to spread to others through contaminated water, food, or hands, which is known as the fecal-oral route of transmission.
This mode of transmission is particularly common in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene.

Option A: Hepatitis B is primarily transmitted through parenteral (blood), sexual, and perinatal (mother-to-child) routes, not through the fecal-oral route.
Option B: Diphtheria is a bacterial infection spread from person to person through respiratory droplets, typically from coughing or sneezing.
Option D: Tetanus is caused by bacterial spores (Clostridium tetani) from the environment (like soil or dust) entering a wound. It is not transmitted from person to person by any route.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Modes of transmission for infectious diseases, specifically the fecal-oral route as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Nurses play a vital role in patient education regarding hygiene and sanitation to prevent fecal-oral transmission. This includes teaching proper handwashing techniques.
Vaccination is a cornerstone of preventing these diseases. Nurses are responsible for administering vaccines like the Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) and educating families about immunization schedules.
In a community health setting, identifying the source of an outbreak is critical. Understanding that polio spreads via the fecal-oral route helps direct public health interventions, such as testing water supplies and promoting sanitation.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key term in the question: 'Feco-Oral Route'. This is the central concept you need to match with the options.
Consider each option one by one and recall its primary mode of transmission.
Evaluate 'Hepatitis B'. Recall that it is mainly a blood-borne and sexually transmitted infection.
Evaluate 'Diphtheria'. Recall that it is a respiratory illness spread by droplets.
Evaluate 'Polio'. Recall that poliovirus is an enterovirus that is shed in stool, making the fecal-oral route its main mode of transmission.
Evaluate 'Tetanus'. Recall that it is acquired from the environment through wounds, not from person to person.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Modes of transmission for infectious diseases, specifically the fecal-oral route.
Stem keywords: diseases, spread, Feco-Oral Route
Lead-in keywords: mainly
Negative lead-in flag: false

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