Which nursing model is based on case management?

UP NHM CHO 7 Sept 2022 (Shift-2)

Nursing Management & leadership

Medium

Appeared in: UP NHM CHO 7 Sept 2022 (Shift-2)

Explanation

Critical pathways are the primary tools used within the case management model of care.
Case management is a collaborative process that assesses, plans, implements, coordinates, monitors, and evaluates the options and services required to meet an individual's health needs.
Critical pathways (or clinical pathways) are interprofessional care plans that outline a standardized sequence and timing of interventions for a particular diagnosis or procedure.
They are used in case management to improve the quality of care, reduce costs, and decrease the length of stay by ensuring care is efficient and evidence-based.

Option A: Primary nursing is a distinct care delivery model, not a component of case management. It focuses on the nurse-patient relationship and continuity of care provided by one primary nurse.
Option B: A patient classification system (PCS) is a tool for determining staffing levels based on patient acuity. It is not a model for delivering nursing care.
Option D: Total patient care is another distinct care delivery model where a nurse provides all care for a patient during a single shift. It is not based on the principles of case management.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: Knowing Nursing Care Delivery Models helps nurses interpret findings accurately and avoid errors in routine assessment, medication administration, and patient teaching.
Understanding care delivery models is crucial for nurses to know their roles, responsibilities, and how care is organized in their facility.
In a case management system, staff nurses use critical pathways to guide daily care, anticipate patient needs, and identify variances (deviations from the plan) that require intervention.
What if? If a patient on a critical pathway for pneumonia develops an unexpected complication like a pleural effusion, the nurse must document this variance, notify the case manager and physician, and collaborate to adjust the plan of care, which may now deviate from the standard pathway.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key term in the question: 'case management'.
Define or recall the core principles of the case management model. It's a collaborative, interdisciplinary approach focused on managing patient care across the continuum to ensure quality and cost-effectiveness.
Evaluate each option's relationship to this definition.
Recognize that 'Primary nursing' and 'Total patient care' are distinct, alternative models of care delivery.
Identify that a 'Patient classification system' is a staffing tool, not a care delivery model.
Conclude that 'Critical pathways' are the specific, standardized plans used as the main tool within the case management model, making it the correct answer.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Nursing Fundamentals Potter Perry 12e Part 2 p. 69-71