The structure of the neuron that helps in receiving signals is?

Appeared in: DSSSB - 29 August 2019 (Shift-1)

Explanation

Dendrites are specialized, branched, tree-like extensions of a neuron's cell body.
Their primary function is to act as the main receptive surface for the neuron, collecting incoming signals from other nerve cells.
These signals are then transmitted as electrical impulses towards the cell body for processing.
The term 'dendrite' comes from the Greek word 'dendron,' meaning 'tree,' which reflects their branching appearance.

Option A: The cell body (soma) integrates and processes signals received from the dendrites, but it is not the primary structure for receiving signals from other neurons.
Option B: The axon's function is the opposite of receiving signals; it is responsible for transmitting signals away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands.
Option C: Axon terminals are at the end of the axon and are involved in transmitting the signal to the next cell by releasing neurotransmitters. They are part of the output, not the input, machinery.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Structure and function of a neuron as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Understanding neuron structure is fundamental to comprehending neurological disorders. For example, the loss or damage of dendrites is implicated in conditions like Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy, affecting cognitive function and neural communication.
In nursing, assessing neurological function is a key role. Knowledge of how neurons receive and transmit signals helps in interpreting patient symptoms like numbness, weakness, or cognitive changes.
What if? If a patient has a disease that damages the myelin sheath around the axon (like Multiple Sclerosis), the transmission of signals along the axon is slowed or blocked, even if the dendrites are receiving signals properly. This leads to a wide range of neurological symptoms.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key terms in the question: 'neuron' and 'receiving signals'.
This is a factual recall question about the basic anatomy of a nerve cell.
Mentally picture or recall the different parts of a neuron: cell body, axon, and dendrites.
Associate each part with its primary function: Dendrites receive, the cell body processes, and the axon sends.
Evaluate the options based on this knowledge. 'Dendrites' is the only part whose primary function is to receive signals.
Eliminate the other options by confirming their roles: the cell body integrates, the axon transmits away, and terminals release neurotransmitters.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Psychology Baron Misra 5e Part 1 p. 61-63

E6 Anatomy Grays 43e Vol 1 Part 1 p. 73-75

Practise the full DSSSB - 29 August 2019 (Shift-1)

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.