The only gland of body with both exocrine and endocrine property is

Appeared in: UPPSC 2017

Explanation

The pancreas is a mixed (heterocrine) gland, possessing both exocrine and endocrine functions.
Its exocrine component consists of acinar cells that secrete digestive enzymes into the pancreatic duct.
Its endocrine component is the Islets of Langerhans, which contain alpha, beta, and delta cells that secrete hormones like glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin directly into the bloodstream.
This dual functionality makes it the best answer among the choices provided.

Option A: The liver's primary role is metabolic, with an exocrine function (bile production). While it does produce some hormones, it is not classically defined as a mixed gland in the same way as the pancreas, which has distinct and separate tissues for each function.
Option B: The hypophyseal axis, which includes the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, is a purely endocrine system. It releases hormones to control other glands but has no exocrine function (secretion via ducts).
Option C: The ovary has a clear endocrine function (producing estrogen and progesterone). Its other role is releasing gametes (ova), which is a reproductive function, not a typical exocrine secretion of enzymes or fluids into a duct.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Mixed (Heterocrine) Glands: Exocrine and Endocrine Functions as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Understanding the dual function of the pancreas is crucial for nurses, as diseases can affect one or both functions.
For example, pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that primarily affects its exocrine function, leading to severe pain and maldigestion. However, severe pancreatitis can also damage the Islets of Langerhans, causing endocrine dysfunction (diabetes).
Diabetes Mellitus is a disease of the endocrine pancreas, specifically the inability to produce or effectively use insulin.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key terms in the question: 'gland', 'exocrine', and 'endocrine'.
Recall the definitions: Exocrine glands secrete their products (e.g., enzymes, sweat) into ducts. Endocrine glands are ductless and secrete their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream.
The question asks for a gland that does both.
Evaluate each option:
Liver: Exocrine (bile), some endocrine functions. A possible but not the best answer.
Hypophyseal axis: Purely endocrine.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Anatomy Applied Ashalatha 4e p. 225-227

E6 Histology Inderbir 11e p. 135-137

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Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.