Match the following columns.

Column A	Column B
1. Infant	A. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
2. Toddler	B. Initiative vs. Guilt
3. Preschooler	C. Industry vs. inferiority
4. School-age	D. Trust vs. Mistrust
5. Adolescence	E. Intimacy vs. Isolation
6. Young adulthood	F. Identity vs. Role confusion

1. A

   1-D, 2-A, 3-B, 4-C, 5-F, 6-E

2. B

   1-A, 2-E, 3-D, 4-C, 5-F, 6-B

3. C

   1-E, 2-D, 3-B, 4-A, 5-F, 6-C

4. D

   1-F, 2-A, 3-D, 4-C, 5-B, 6-E

Appeared in: DSSSB 12 August 2024

Explanation

• The correct option accurately aligns each developmental stage with its corresponding psychosocial crisis as proposed by Erik Erikson.
• Infant (Birth to 18 months): The primary crisis is Trust vs. Mistrust, where the infant develops trust through reliable care.
• Toddler (18 months to 3 years): The crisis is Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, focusing on developing a sense of personal control and independence.
• Preschooler (3 to 5 years): The crisis is Initiative vs. Guilt, where children begin to assert power and control over their world.
• School-age (6 to 12 years): The crisis is Industry vs. Inferiority, centered on developing a sense of competence through new social and academic skills.
• Adolescence (12 to 18 years): The crisis is Identity vs. Role Confusion, involving the development of a sense of self and personal identity.

Why Other Options Were Wrong

• Option B: This option incorrectly matches Infant with Autonomy vs. Shame (which is for toddlers) and Toddler with Intimacy vs. Isolation (which is for young adults).
• Option C: This option incorrectly pairs Infant with Intimacy vs. Isolation (young adulthood) and Toddler with Trust vs. Mistrust (infancy), reversing the first two stages and misplacing others.
• Option D: This option incorrectly matches Infant with Identity vs. Role Confusion (adolescence) and Preschooler with Trust vs. Mistrust (infancy), showing a significant misunderstanding of the chronological order.

Related Visual

Clinical Relevance

• Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
• Nurses use Erikson's theory to assess if a patient is meeting age-appropriate developmental milestones.
• Understanding a patient's developmental stage allows nurses to tailor communication, care plans, and patient education to their specific psychosocial needs. For example, allowing a toddler to make simple choices (autonomy) or providing a school-aged child with tasks they can complete (industry) can promote healthy development during hospitalization.
• What if? If a hospitalized adolescent is withdrawn and refuses to interact with peers, the nurse should recognize this as a potential sign of role confusion. The intervention would be to encourage safe social interactions, perhaps with other teen patients, to support their need for identity formation, rather than just focusing on their medical condition.

How to Approach the Question

• This is a 'Match the Following' question. The goal is to correctly pair items from two columns.
• First, identify the core concept: Erikson's stages of psychosocial development.
• Recall the first stage of development. An infant's primary need is care, which leads to the crisis of Trust vs. Mistrust. This matches 1 with D.
• Look at the options. Only the first and third options start with 1-D. This eliminates the second and fourth options.
• Next, recall the second stage. A toddler is learning independence, which corresponds to Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt. This matches 2 with A.
• Check the remaining options. Only the first option has the sequence 1-D, 2-A. This confirms it as the correct answer without needing to check all pairs.

Concept Tested & Keywords

• Concept Tested: Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development
• Stem keywords: Infant, Toddler, Preschooler, School-age, Adolescence, Young adulthood, Erikson's stages
• Lead-in keywords: Match the following
• Clinical cues: Age/sex group narrows the expected diagnosis, intervention, or normal reference range.
• Negative lead-in flag: false

Question ID

QkMI8KzI1_1ilnodCJrz1s

Copy ID

Reference Book

E6 Psychology Morgan King 9e Part 2 p. 71-73

E6 Psychology Baron Misra 5e Part 1 p. 312-314

E6 Text Book Of Pediatric Nursing 3rd Panchali Pal — Part 1 (pp 36-238 of 713) p. 82-84