Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists : List I
(Phenomenon)
List II
(Diagnostic feature of USG) A. Threatened abortion B. Missed abortion C. Incomplete abortion D. Complete abortion List II
(Diagnostic feature of USG) 1. Foetus without cardiac activity 2. Uterine cavity empty 3. Foetus alive and retroplacental haemorrhage 4. Products of conception partly retained

1. A

   A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2

2. B

   A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2

3. C

   A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

4. D

   A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3

Appeared in: ESIC Nursing Officer-7July 2024

Explanation

• Threatened abortion is defined by vaginal bleeding with a closed cervix while the fetus is still alive, which corresponds to the USG finding of a live fetus, sometimes with retroplacental hemorrhage.
• Missed abortion involves fetal death without expulsion of the products of conception. The key USG finding is a fetus without any cardiac activity.
• Incomplete abortion occurs when only some of the products of conception are expelled. USG will show that the products of conception are partly retained within the uterus.
• Complete abortion is the total expulsion of all products of conception, resulting in an empty uterine cavity on ultrasound examination.

Why Other Options Were Wrong

• Option B: This option incorrectly matches Missed abortion (B) with 'Products of conception partly retained' (4) and Incomplete abortion (C) with 'Foetus without cardiac activity' (1). While a fetus in an incomplete abortion would also lack cardiac activity, the defining feature is the retained tissue. The primary definition of a missed abortion is a retained fetus with no cardiac activity.
• Option C: This option incorrectly matches Threatened abortion (A) with 'Uterine cavity empty' (2) and Complete abortion (D) with 'Foetus alive and retroplacental haemorrhage' (3). These are direct contradictions of their definitions.
• Option D: This option incorrectly matches Threatened abortion (A) with 'Uterine cavity empty' (2), Missed abortion (B) with 'Products of conception partly retained' (4), Incomplete abortion (C) with 'Foetus without cardiac activity' (1), and Complete abortion (D) with 'Foetus alive' (3). All pairings are incorrect.

Related Visual

• Visual 1: Infographic - A table comparing the four main types of spontaneous abortion (Threatened, Inevitable, Incomplete, Complete, Missed) with columns for Clinical Presentation, Cervical Os Status, and Key Ultrasound Findings.
• Visual 2: Ultrasound Images - A side-by-side comparison of four ultrasound images, each labeled with the type of abortion it depicts (e.g., 'Threatened Abortion: Live fetus with subchorionic bleed', 'Missed Abortion: Fetus with no cardiac activity', 'Incomplete Abortion: Retained products', 'Complete Abortion: Empty uterus').

Clinical Relevance

• Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Ultrasonographic diagnosis of different types of abortion as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
• A nurse's primary role in caring for a patient with early pregnancy bleeding is to assess and monitor vital signs, pain levels, and the amount of vaginal bleeding (pad count).
• It is critical to provide emotional support and clear information to the patient and her family, as any bleeding in pregnancy can be frightening.
• For Rh-negative women experiencing any type of abortion, the nurse must ensure that Anti-D immunoglobulin is administered within 72 hours to prevent Rh isoimmunization in future pregnancies.

How to Approach the Question

• First, read both lists carefully to understand the terms and their descriptions.
• Start by matching the most straightforward and distinct pairs. For example, 'Complete abortion' logically pairs with 'Uterine cavity empty'.
• Next, match 'Missed abortion'. The term 'missed' implies the body hasn't expelled the non-viable pregnancy, so it must be a 'Foetus without cardiac activity' that is still inside.
• Then, differentiate between 'Threatened' and 'Incomplete'. 'Threatened' implies the pregnancy is at risk but still ongoing, so the 'Foetus is alive'. 'Incomplete' means some tissue has passed, but some is 'partly retained'.
• Assemble your matches: A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2.
• Finally, find the option that corresponds to your assembled matches.

Concept Tested & Keywords

• Concept Tested: Ultrasonographic diagnosis of different types of abortion.
• Stem keywords: Threatened abortion, Missed abortion, Incomplete abortion, Complete abortion, USG, Diagnostic feature
• Lead-in keywords: Match List I with List II
• Negative lead-in flag: false

Question ID

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