Identify the following device?

JIPMER Pondicherry NO - 2022

Medical & Surgical Nursing

Easy

Appeared in: JIPMER Pondicherry NO - 2022

Explanation

The device shown is an Endotracheal (ET) Tube, used to establish and maintain a patent airway for mechanical ventilation or in patients with respiratory insufficiency.
Key features visible in the image include a 15mm connector for ventilator tubing, a pilot balloon to inflate the cuff, and an inflatable cuff to seal the trachea.
A distinguishing feature of this specific ET tube is the additional lumen for subglottic suction, designed to remove secretions from above the cuff and help prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).
The presence of a cuff and its passage into the trachea differentiates it from supraglottic airways like an LMA.

Option A: An oxygen mask is a non-invasive device that covers the nose and mouth to deliver oxygen. The image shows an invasive tube designed to be inserted into the trachea.
Option B: A Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) is a supraglottic airway with a large, soft, mask-like cuff that seals around the laryngeal inlet. The device in the image is a tube that passes through the vocal cords into the trachea.
Option D: While the device is a type of single-lumen airway, this is a general descriptive term, not the specific name of the equipment. 'ET Tube' is the precise clinical identifier.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Identification of airway management devices as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Endotracheal intubation is a cornerstone of critical care, essential for managing respiratory failure and protecting the airway.
The use of ET tubes with subglottic suction is a key evidence-based practice for preventing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP), a common and serious hospital-acquired infection.
Nurses are responsible for monitoring cuff pressure, ensuring tube security, performing regular suctioning (both tracheal and subglottic), and providing oral care to minimize complications.

How to Approach the Question

First, carefully examine the image to identify the key components of the medical device.
Note the long tube, the inflatable cuff at the tip, the small external pilot balloon, and the connector at the top. Also, observe the extra, thin tube running alongside the main one.
Systematically evaluate each option against these visual features.
An 'Oxygen mask' is external. An 'LMA' has a different, mask-like shape. 'Single lumen airway' is a description, not a specific name.
Recognize the combination of features as characteristic of an Endotracheal Tube. The extra lumen specifically points to a subglottic suction model.
Select 'ET Tube' as the most accurate and specific identification.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Identification of airway management devices
Stem keywords: device, identify
Lead-in keywords: Identify
Clinical cues: The care setting changes urgency, monitoring level, and the expected nursing action.

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E6 Nursing Brunner Adult Health 3SA Vol 2 Part 3 p. 115-117

E6 Nursing Fundamentals Taylor pp. 736-738, 734-736