How chest compression is given in a newborn?

Appeared in: BHU NO-2019

Explanation

The recommended and most effective method for neonatal chest compression is the two-thumb encircling hands technique.
This technique is applied to the lower third of the sternum, which is located just below an imaginary line connecting the nipples.
It is preferred because it generates higher systolic and coronary perfusion pressures, allows for better control of compression depth, and is less tiring for the rescuer compared to the two-finger method.

Option B: The location is incorrect. Chest compressions in a newborn are performed on the lower third of the sternum, not the middle third, to maximize effectiveness and avoid injury.
Option C: The number of fingers is incorrect. Standard guidelines for neonatal resuscitation specify using either two thumbs or two fingers.
Option D: Using the palm (or heel of the hand) is the technique for chest compressions in adults and older children. Applying this level of force to a newborn would cause severe traumatic injuries, such as rib fractures and liver laceration.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Neonatal Resuscitation: Chest Compression Technique as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Correct hand placement and technique are critical for providing effective circulation to vital organs during neonatal resuscitation.
Improper technique, such as compressing the wrong area or using excessive force, can lead to life-threatening complications including liver laceration, rib fractures, and pneumothorax.
Chest compressions must be coordinated with positive-pressure ventilation at a strict 3:1 ratio (90 compressions and 30 breaths per minute) to ensure both circulation and oxygenation.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key elements of the question: the procedure ('chest compression') and the patient population ('newborn').
Recall the specific guidelines for neonatal resuscitation. This is a knowledge-based question requiring recall of a standard procedure.
Evaluate each option based on the correct technique: hand/finger usage and anatomical location.
Remember that the preferred method is the 'two-thumb encircling hands' technique.
Confirm the correct location, which is the 'lower third of the sternum'.
Eliminate options that specify an incorrect location (middle third), an incorrect number of fingers (three), or an incorrect part of the hand (palm).

Concept Tested & Keywords

QdhuANfR5wjsr0Fm-0T32s

E6 Ghai Essential Pediatrics(pp 26-904 of 913) p. 763-765

E6 Text Book Of Pediatric Nursing 3rd Panchali Pal — Part 1 (pp 36-238 of 713) p. 166-168

Practise the full BHU NO-2019

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.