Hemophilia is associated with:

IGNOU PB Bsc Nsg.Entrance-2026

Medical & Surgical Nursing

Easy

Appeared in: IGNOU PB Bsc Nsg.Entrance-2026

Explanation

Hemophilia is a genetic bleeding disorder.
It is characterized by the deficiency or absence of specific blood clotting factors, most commonly Factor VIII (Hemophilia A) or Factor IX (Hemophilia B).
This lack of clotting factors impairs the coagulation cascade, leading to prolonged and excessive bleeding.
The primary defect is in secondary hemostasis, the process of forming a stable fibrin clot.

Option A: Abnormalities of hemoglobin relate to hemoglobinopathies like sickle cell disease and thalassemia, which affect the oxygen-carrying capacity and shape of red blood cells, not the clotting process.
Option B: Platelet abnormalities cause issues with primary hemostasis (platelet plug formation). Hemophilia is a disorder of secondary hemostasis (the coagulation cascade).
Option D: Excessive proliferation of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) is known as polycythemia. This condition increases blood viscosity and the risk of thrombosis (blood clots), the opposite of hemophilia.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain The underlying pathophysiological defect in hemophilia as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Nurses must prioritize patient safety by implementing bleeding precautions for individuals with hemophilia. This includes avoiding IM injections and using soft-bristled toothbrushes.
Patient and family education is a critical nursing role. This includes teaching how to recognize bleeding episodes (especially joint bleeds), administer factor concentrates, and manage the condition at home.
What if? If a patient with hemophilia presents with a swollen, painful knee, the nurse should suspect hemarthrosis (bleeding into the joint), immediately apply ice, elevate the limb, and prepare to administer the prescribed clotting factor concentrate. This is a medical emergency to prevent long-term joint damage.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the core concept in the question stem, which is 'Hemophilia'.
Recall the fundamental pathophysiology of hemophilia. It is a well-known bleeding disorder.
Evaluate each option against your knowledge. Ask yourself, 'Does this option describe the cause of hemophilia?'
Option A (hemoglobin) relates to anemia. Option B (platelets) relates to primary hemostasis. Option D (RBC proliferation) relates to polycythemia. These are different hematological disorders.
Option C (clotting factors) directly aligns with the definition of hemophilia as a defect in the coagulation cascade.
Select the option that accurately describes the primary defect in hemophilia.

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