From the age of 1 to 3, the stage of development is called:

Appeared in: AIIMS BHOPAL NO- 2018( Shift-2nd)

Explanation

According to Freud's theory, the Anal stage of psychosexual development occurs between the ages of 1 and 3 years.
During this stage, the child's main focus of pleasure is on the anus, and the key developmental task is learning to control bowel and bladder functions (toilet training).
Successful navigation of this stage leads to a sense of competence and independence.
This stage corresponds with Erikson's psychosocial stage of Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, where toddlers strive to establish their independence.

Why Other Options Were Wrong

Option B: The Genital stage begins at puberty (around 12 years) and continues into adulthood. It is characterized by the maturation of sexual interests and the formation of adult relationships.
Option C: The Oral stage occurs from birth to approximately 1 year of age. The infant's pleasure is centered on the mouth through activities like sucking and feeding.
Option D: The Phallic stage occurs from approximately 3 to 6 years of age. During this time, the focus of pleasure shifts to the genitals, and children begin to identify with their same-sex parent.

Related Visual

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Freud's Psychosexual Stages of Development as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Understanding developmental stages helps nurses anticipate a child's behavior, assess for developmental delays, and provide age-appropriate care and parental guidance.
For a toddler in the Anal stage, nurses can educate parents on positive and patient approaches to toilet training, emphasizing that readiness is key and punishment can lead to negative psychological outcomes.
This knowledge is crucial for pediatric nurses to differentiate between normal toddler behavior (e.g., negativism, saying 'no') and signs of a developmental or medical problem.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key information in the question stem: the age range is '1 to 3' years.
Next, recognize that the question is asking for a specific stage from a developmental theory, with the options pointing to Freud's psychosexual theory.
Recall the sequence and age ranges of Freud's stages: Oral (0-1), Anal (1-3), Phallic (3-6), Latency (6-puberty), Genital (puberty+).
Match the given age range (1 to 3 years) with the corresponding stage.
Select the 'Anal stage' as it correctly aligns with the 1 to 3-year age bracket in Freud's model.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Freud's Psychosexual Stages of Development
Stem keywords: age of 1 to 3, stage of development
Lead-in keywords: is called

Question ID

Qu7WH_E25BgsInS_VYN3qd

Reference Book

E6 Robert Boland, Marcia L. Verduin - Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Text of Psychiatry-Wolters Kluwer Health (2024) (pp 1-16525 of 16525) p. 2976-2978

E6 Nursing Fundamentals Potter Perry 12e Part 1 p. 163-165

E6 Psychology Baron Misra 5e Part 2 p. 86-88

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