For adults the ratio of chest compression-to-ventilation in case of single rescuer Cardiopulmonary resuscitat… - ESIC Nursing Officer-7July 2024

ESIC Nursing Officer-7July 2024

Medical Surgical Nursing

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Appeared in: ESIC Nursing Officer-7July 2024

Explanation

For adult victims of cardiac arrest, the universally recommended compression-to-ventilation ratio is 30 compressions to 2 breaths.
This 30:2 ratio applies to both single-rescuer and two-rescuer CPR scenarios in adults, simplifying the protocol.
The primary goal of this ratio is to optimize the balance between blood circulation (perfusion) from compressions and oxygenation from rescue breaths.
Minimizing interruptions in chest compressions is critical, and the 30:2 cycle helps achieve this.

Option A: The 15:2 ratio is incorrect for adult CPR, regardless of the number of rescuers.
Option B: A ratio of 15 compressions to 1 breath is not a standard recommended protocol in any CPR guideline by the American Heart Association (AHA).
Option D: A ratio of 30 compressions to 1 breath is not a standard recommended protocol in any CPR guideline.

Visual 1: Table - A clear table comparing CPR compression-to-ventilation ratios for adults, children, and infants, for both single and two-rescuer scenarios. This helps visualize the key differences.
Visual 2: Infographic - An infographic illustrating the steps of single-rescuer adult CPR, highlighting the '30:2' cycle, hand placement, and correct compression depth.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Guidelines as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Adhering to the correct CPR ratio is critical for patient outcomes. The 30:2 ratio for adults is designed to maximize coronary and cerebral perfusion pressure while providing adequate oxygenation.
High-quality CPR, defined by correct rate, depth, full chest recoil, and minimal interruptions, is the cornerstone of Basic Life Support (BLS) and significantly increases the chance of survival from cardiac arrest.
What if the patient has an advanced airway (like an endotracheal tube)? In that case, the protocol changes. Chest compressions become continuous at a rate of 100-120/min, and breaths are given asynchronously (not timed with compressions) at a rate of 1 breath every 6 seconds (10 breaths/min).

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key elements in the question: the patient population ('adults'), the number of rescuers ('single rescuer'), and the specific action ('CPR ratio').
Recall the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for Basic Life Support (BLS).
Remember that for adults, the guideline has been simplified: the ratio is 30:2 regardless of whether there is one or two rescuers.
Compare this recalled fact with the given options. Option '30:2' directly matches the guideline.
Mentally eliminate the other options. Recognize that '15:2' is for pediatric two-rescuer CPR, and '15:1' and '30:1' are not standard ratios.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Guidelines
Stem keywords: adults, chest compression-to-ventilation, single rescuer, CPR, ratio
Lead-in keywords: is
Negative lead-in flag: false

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