During the age of 1 - 3 years, the developmental stage according to Freud's theory is: - ESIC Nursing Officer -2019 (Shift -1)

ESIC Nursing Officer -2019 (Shift -1)

Applied Psychology

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Appeared in: ESIC Nursing Officer -2019 (Shift -1)

Explanation

According to Freud's psychoanalytical model, the developmental stage for a child aged 1 to 3 years is the Anal stage.
This stage's primary focus is on the child gaining control over their bodily functions, specifically bowel and bladder elimination.
The main conflict of this stage is toilet training, where the child must learn to control their urges to meet societal expectations.
Successfully navigating this stage leads to a sense of accomplishment and independence.

Option A: The Genital stage begins at puberty and lasts into adulthood. It is focused on the maturation of sexual interests and the formation of intimate relationships, which is not characteristic of a 1-3 year old.
Option C: The Oral stage occurs from birth to approximately 18 months. The primary focus is on oral stimulation through activities like sucking and feeding.
Option D: The Phallic stage occurs from ages 3 to 6 years. During this time, the child's focus of pleasure shifts to the genitals, and they begin to identify with their same-sex parent.

Visual 1: Flowchart - A flowchart illustrating the sequence of Freud's five psychosexual stages, with corresponding age ranges and key characteristics for each stage. This helps in visualizing the progression of development according to the theory.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Freud's Psychosexual Stages of Development as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Understanding Freud's stages helps nurses anticipate and interpret a child's behavior. For example, a toddler's focus on 'no' and struggles over toilet training can be seen as a normal part of developing autonomy in the Anal stage.
Nurses can use this knowledge to provide anticipatory guidance to parents, explaining that behaviors like stubbornness or a desire for control are typical for this age and part of healthy development.
What if the child was 5 years old? The nurse would then consider the Phallic stage, where issues of curiosity about their body, gender identity, and rivalry with the same-sex parent (Oedipus/Electra complex) might be more prominent.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key elements of the question: the age range (1-3 years) and the theoretical framework (Freud's theory).
This is a recall-based question that requires knowledge of specific developmental theories.
Recall the five psychosexual stages described by Sigmund Freud: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital.
Mentally or on paper, list the stages and their corresponding age ranges.
Match the given age range (1-3 years) to the correct stage. The Anal stage corresponds to ages 1-3 years (or 18 months to 3 years).
Select the option that names this stage.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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