Capoeira is an Afro-Brazilian blend of martial art, game and dance created by enslaved Africans in Brazil during the $16^{th}$ century. Participants form a roda (circle) and take turns in playing instruments, singing and sparring in pairs in the centre of the circle. The game is marked by fluid acrobatic play, feints, and extensive use of groundwork, as well as sweeps, kicks, and head-butts. Less frequently used techniques include elbow-strikes, slaps, punches, and body-throws. Capoeira has evolved from one main form referred to as Capoeira Angola, into other two forms known as Capoeira regional, and the ever-evolving Capoeira contemporanea. Master Bimba made a major contribution to the preservation of the art by establishing the first Capoeira academy in Brazil.

When was Capoeira created?

1. A

   18th century

2. B

   15th century

3. C

   16th century

4. D

   12th century

Appeared in: DSSSB -28 August 2019 (Shift-2)

Explanation

• derived directly from the first sentence of the provided passage.
• The text explicitly states, "...created by enslaved Africans in Brazil during the 16th century.".
• This makes the 16th century the only correct option based on the information given.

Why Other Options Were Wrong

• Option A: This is incorrect. By the 18th century, Capoeira was already an established practice, not in its creation phase.
• Option B: This is incorrect. The Portuguese colonization of Brazil, which led to the conditions for Capoeira's creation, began in the 16th century, not the 15th.
• Option D: This is incorrect. This period is far too early and has no historical connection to the events in Brazil that led to the development of Capoeira.

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Clinical Relevance

• Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Reading Comprehension as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
• Cultural Sensitivity: Understanding the historical and cultural context of practices like Capoeira is important for holistic care, recognizing that patients' backgrounds and cultural identities can influence their well-being and perspectives.
• Historical Context: Recognizing that Capoeira originated from a struggle against oppression provides insight into the resilience and creativity of Afro-Brazilian culture.
• What if?: If the question were about the official recognition of Capoeira, the answer would shift to a much later date. For example, it was only in 2014 that UNESCO granted Capoeira a special protected status as 'intangible cultural heritage'.

How to Approach the Question

• First, read the question carefully to understand what specific information is being asked for. Here, the question is "When was Capoeira created?".
• Next, scan the provided text specifically for keywords related to the question, such as "created," "originated," or dates and centuries.
• Locate the sentence that contains the answer: "Capoeira is an Afro-Brazilian blend of martial art, game and dance created by enslaved Africans in Brazil during the 16th century."
• Compare this information with the given options.
• Select the option that directly matches the information found in the text, which is "16th century".

Concept Tested & Keywords

• Concept Tested: Reading Comprehension
• Stem keywords: Capoeira, created, Afro-Brazilian, 16th century
• Lead-in keywords: When

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QOrsH_u4H4PrmEqQrVjnc

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