According to WHO, difficulty in seeing, hearing, walking or problem solving are examples of which type of dis… - RIMS Nursing Officer - 2022

RIMS Nursing Officer - 2022

Nursing Foundation

Easy

Appeared in: RIMS Nursing Officer - 2022

Explanation

The WHO's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) defines activity limitations as difficulties an individual may have in executing tasks or actions.
The examples given—difficulty seeing, hearing, walking, and problem-solving—are all functional tasks at the individual level.
This is distinct from an impairment, which is a problem with a body structure or function, and a participation restriction, which is a problem with involvement in life situations.

Option A: Impairment refers to the underlying problem with a body part or function (e.g., a damaged retina), not the resulting difficulty in performing an action (e.g., difficulty seeing).
Option C: Participation restriction describes problems with involvement in life situations or social roles (e.g., unable to work, attend social events). The question describes the functional difficulty, not the social consequence.
Option D: This is not a standard term used in the WHO-ICF model of disability.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain WHO-ICF Model of Disability Dimensions as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Nurses use the ICF framework to conduct a holistic assessment of a patient, moving beyond just the medical diagnosis to understand the real-world impact on the person's life.
This model helps in setting patient-centered goals for rehabilitation. For instance, the goal might not be to 'cure' the impairment but to reduce activity limitations (e.g., with a walking aid) and overcome participation restrictions (e.g., by making a workplace accessible).
Understanding this distinction is crucial for effective communication within the interdisciplinary team (including physiotherapists, occupational therapists, and social workers) to create a comprehensive care plan.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key terms in the question: 'WHO', 'disability dimension', and the specific examples 'difficulty in seeing, hearing, walking or problem solving'.
Recognize that these examples are actions or tasks that a person performs.
Recall or look up the WHO's framework for disability, which is the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).
Differentiate between the three main components of the ICF model: Impairment (body part), Activity Limitation (task/action), and Participation Restriction (life role/social situation).
Match the examples given in the question (difficulties with actions) to the correct ICF component, which is 'Activity limitation'.
Eliminate the other options. 'Impairment' is the underlying cause, 'Participation restriction' is the social consequence, and 'Hyper active participation' is not a valid term.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: WHO-ICF Model of Disability Dimensions
Stem keywords: WHO, disability dimension, difficulty in seeing, hearing, walking, problem solving
Lead-in keywords: which type

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