PGIMER NO - 2020: A patient with myasthenia gravis have episode of epistaxis most important nursing priority in this patient is?

PGIMER NO - 2020

Medical & Surgical Nursing

Hard

Appeared in: PGIMER NO - 2020

Explanation

The primary concern in a patient with Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is muscle weakness, particularly of the bulbar muscles which control swallowing and coughing.
During an epistaxis (nosebleed), blood can easily drain into the pharynx.
Due to bulbar weakness, the patient has an ineffective cough and gag reflex, creating a high risk of blood aspiration or airway obstruction.
Following the Airway, Breathing, Circulation (ABC) principle of prioritization, maintaining a patent airway is the most immediate and critical nursing action.
Failure to clear the airway can lead to aspiration pneumonia or acute respiratory failure, which are life-threatening.

Option A: While respiratory muscle weakness can cause an ineffective breathing pattern in MG, the immediate threat from epistaxis is airway obstruction by blood. Breathing is impossible without a clear airway.
Option B: This is a long-term, chronic issue for patients with MG due to difficulty swallowing (dysphagia). It is not an immediate priority during an acute bleeding episode.
Option D: Epistaxis rarely causes enough blood loss to compromise systemic tissue perfusion. The volume of blood is typically not sufficient to cause hypovolemic shock.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: Use the key finding related to Prioritization of nursing care for a patient with a chronic neurological condition (Myasthenia Gravis) experiencing an acute complication (epistaxis) to guide bedside assessment, documentation, and the next nursing action.
This scenario highlights the critical importance of applying the ABCs of prioritization in nursing practice. Airway always comes first.
Nurses must be aware that patients with neuromuscular disorders like MG have a compromised ability to protect their own airway, making them vulnerable during seemingly minor events like a nosebleed.
Bedside suction must be readily available for any patient with known dysphagia or bulbar weakness.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the question as a priority-setting problem by noticing the phrase 'most important nursing priority'.
Next, analyze the patient's conditions: a chronic disease (Myasthenia Gravis) and an acute event (epistaxis).
Recall the key pathophysiology of Myasthenia Gravis, specifically its effect on bulbar muscles which impairs swallowing and coughing.
Apply the ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) framework to evaluate the options.
A: 'Airway clearance' directly addresses the 'A' (Airway) and the immediate risk of aspiration from the nosebleed combined with MG weakness.
B: 'Ineffective breathing pattern' relates to 'B' (Breathing), but it is secondary to a clear airway.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Prioritization of nursing care for a patient with a chronic neurological condition (Myasthenia Gravis) experiencing an acute complication (epistaxis).
Stem keywords: myasthenia gravis, epistaxis, nursing priority
Lead-in keywords: most important
Clinical cues: The diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis is a critical cue, as it implies potential weakness of bulbar muscles, which directly impacts airway protection.

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E6 Nursing Brunner Adult Health 3SA Vol 2 Part 2 pp. 135-137, 137-139