A patient admitted in emergency ward with diagnosis of cardiac arrest. Cardio pulmonary resuscitationis to be given. The nurse know that ratio of compression to ventilation to adult by one person is?

1. A

   5:1

2. B

   15:2

3. C

   1:5

4. D

   30:2

Appeared in: HPSSSB Staff Nurse - 2016

Explanation

• According to current Basic Life Support (BLS) guidelines, the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for an adult victim is 30:2.
• This ratio applies whether there is one rescuer or two rescuers performing CPR on an adult.
• The 30:2 ratio is designed to maximize chest compressions, which is the most critical component for maintaining blood flow to the brain and heart during cardiac arrest.
• Rescue breaths are delivered after every 30 compressions to provide oxygen.

Why Other Options Were Wrong

• Option A: A ratio of 5:1 is not a standard recommended ratio for any age group in CPR.
• Option B: The ratio of 15:2 is incorrect for adult CPR, regardless of the number of rescuers.
• Option C: A ratio of 1:5 is an incorrect and inverted ratio. CPR prioritizes a higher number of compressions over ventilations.

Related Visual

Clinical Relevance

• Nursing practice connection: Prioritize focused assessment, early escalation, and real-time monitoring when managing CPR compression-to-ventilation ratio for adults in acute care settings.
• Knowing and applying the correct CPR ratio is a fundamental skill for all nurses and healthcare providers, as it directly impacts patient survival and neurological outcomes after cardiac arrest.
• The emphasis on a 30:2 ratio for adults underscores the critical importance of high-quality, uninterrupted chest compressions to maintain perfusion to vital organs.
• What if the victim was a 7-year-old child and two nurses were present? The ratio would change to 15:2. This provides more frequent breaths, which is vital as pediatric arrests are often secondary to respiratory failure.

How to Approach the Question

• First, identify the key parameters in the question: the victim is an 'adult', there is 'one person' (rescuer), and the question asks for the 'compression to ventilation ratio'.
• Recall the Basic Life Support (BLS) guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
• Remember the universal ratio for single-rescuer CPR across all age groups (adult, child, infant) is 30:2.
• Specifically for adults, the ratio remains 30:2 even with two rescuers.
• Differentiate this from the two-rescuer ratio for children and infants, which is 15:2. This is a common point of confusion.
• Select the option that matches the guideline for single-rescuer adult CPR.

Concept Tested & Keywords

• Concept Tested: CPR compression-to-ventilation ratio for adults
• Stem keywords: cardiac arrest, cardio pulmonary resuscitation, compression to ventilation ratio, adult, one person
• Lead-in keywords: ratio is
• Clinical cues: The care setting changes urgency, monitoring level, and the expected nursing action.

Question ID

QU7rJr5N8sXMlfKfEOml4p

Copy ID

Reference Book

E6 Nursing Brunner Adult Health 3SA Vol 1 Part 3 pp. 46-48, 45-47

E6 Ghai Essential Pediatrics(pp 26-904 of 913) p. 763-765