A bleeding disorder characterized by deficiency of factor VIII and IX is termed as?

UPPSC-2021

Medical & Surgical Nursing

Easy

Appeared in: UPPSC-2021

Explanation

Hemophilia is a group of inherited bleeding disorders where the blood does not clot properly.
The question specifically mentions deficiency of Factor VIII and Factor IX.
Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency of Factor VIII.
Hemophilia B (Christmas disease) is caused by a deficiency of Factor IX.
Therefore, 'Hemophilia' is the correct umbrella term for disorders involving deficiencies of these specific factors.

Option A: Purpura refers to purple-colored spots from bleeding under the skin. It is a symptom, not a specific disease defined by Factor VIII/IX deficiency. It's typically related to platelet or blood vessel issues.
Option C: Thrombocytopenia is a condition of having a low platelet count. The bleeding is due to a lack of platelets to form a primary plug, not a deficiency in the protein-based clotting cascade involving Factor VIII or IX.
Option D: Leukemia is a cancer of blood-forming cells. While it can cause bleeding as a secondary complication (by disrupting platelet production in the bone marrow), its primary definition is malignant proliferation of white blood cells, not a specific clotting factor deficiency.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Identification of bleeding disorders based on specific clotting factor deficiencies as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Nurses must be able to distinguish between different types of bleeding disorders to anticipate patient needs. For a hemophiliac patient, the primary concern is deep tissue and joint bleeding, requiring immediate factor replacement therapy.
A key nursing intervention is to monitor for signs of hemarthrosis (joint bleeding), such as pain, swelling, and limited range of motion, and to educate the patient on avoiding activities that could cause trauma.
What if? If a patient presented with bleeding and laboratory tests showed a prolonged Prothrombin Time (PT) but a normal activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT), the nurse would suspect a deficiency in the extrinsic pathway (e.g., Factor VII deficiency) rather than hemophilia, which typically prolongs the aPTT.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the core components of the question: 'bleeding disorder', 'deficiency of factor VIII', and 'deficiency of factor IX'.
Recall the pathophysiology of common bleeding disorders. Associate specific factor deficiencies with their corresponding diseases.
Recognize that Factor VIII deficiency is Hemophilia A and Factor IX deficiency is Hemophilia B. 'Hemophilia' is the general term encompassing both.
Evaluate the options. Rule out distractors by identifying their primary mechanism. Purpura and Thrombocytopenia are related to platelets/vessels, and Leukemia is a cancer.
Select the option that directly matches the described factor deficiencies.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Identification of bleeding disorders based on specific clotting factor deficiencies.
Stem keywords: bleeding disorder, deficiency, factor VIII, factor IX
Lead-in keywords: termed as
Negative lead-in flag: false

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