Who described 'ABO' Blood grouping?

Appeared in: DSSSB - 28 August 2019 (Shift-1)

Explanation

Karl Landsteiner, an Austrian biologist and physician, is credited with the discovery of the main human blood groups in 1901.
He identified the A, B, and O blood groups by observing that the blood serum of some individuals could agglutinate (clump) the red blood cells of others.
The AB blood group was discovered a year later by his colleagues, Alfred von Decastello and Adriano Sturli.
For this groundbreaking discovery, which revolutionized medicine and made blood transfusions safe, Landsteiner was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1930.

Option B: Sir Ronald Ross was a British doctor known for his work on malaria.
Option C: Robert Koch was a German microbiologist who made significant discoveries in bacteriology.
Option D: David Baltimore is an American virologist.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: Knowing Discovery of the ABO blood grouping system helps nurses interpret findings accurately and avoid errors in routine assessment, medication administration, and patient teaching.
Accurate ABO typing is the most critical pre-transfusion test to prevent life-threatening acute hemolytic transfusion reactions.
The principle of ABO compatibility is also fundamental in organ and tissue transplantation to prevent hyperacute rejection.
In medico-legal cases, blood grouping can be used for paternity testing, although DNA profiling is now the standard.

How to Approach the Question

This is a factual recall question that tests your knowledge of major discoveries in medical history.
Identify the key concept in the question stem: the discovery of 'ABO Blood grouping'.
Evaluate each option by associating the scientist with their primary field of discovery.
Recall that Karl Landsteiner is famously linked to the discovery of blood groups.
Eliminate the other options by remembering their contributions: Ronald Ross (malaria), Robert Koch (bacteriology/tuberculosis), and David Baltimore (virology/reverse transcriptase).
Select the option that directly matches the achievement mentioned in the question.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Physiology Essentials Sembulingam 10e Part 1 p. 145-147

E6 PATHOLOGY QUICK REVIEWBased on Harsh Mohan Textbook of PATHOLOGY p. 137-139

E6 Pathology-Vandana Puri & Kavita Gaur Textbook of Pathology and Genetics p. 411-413

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