Who among the following suggested the concept called Intelligence Quotient (IQ) in 1912?

UPUMS Nsg officer-2023

Applied Psychology

Easy

Appeared in: UPUMS Nsg officer-2023

Explanation

William Stern, a German psychologist, was the first to propose the concept of the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) in 1912.
He suggested that intelligence could be measured as a ratio of a person's mental age (MA) to their chronological age (CA).
This concept was expressed in the formula: IQ = (MA / CA) × 100.
Stern's idea laid the foundation for the development of modern intelligence tests, most notably the Stanford-Binet test, which widely adopted his IQ formula.

Option B: David Wechsler is famous for developing the Wechsler intelligence scales (WAIS and WISC), but he did not originate the IQ concept. His tests introduced the 'deviation IQ,' which compares an individual's score to the average score of their age group, rather than using Stern's ratio formula.
Option C: Charles Spearman is known for his two-factor theory of intelligence (1904), which posits a general intelligence factor ('g') and specific abilities ('s'). His work was theoretical, focusing on the structure of intelligence, not the creation of the IQ measurement.
Option D: John C. Raven developed Raven's Progressive Matrices, a specific non-verbal test designed to measure fluid intelligence and abstract reasoning. He did not create the overarching concept of IQ.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain History of Intelligence Testing as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
While nurses do not administer IQ tests, understanding the concept of intellectual ability is crucial for patient education and communication.
Assessing a patient's level of understanding helps the nurse tailor health teaching to be effective, ensuring the patient can comprehend their condition, treatment plan, and medication regimen.
In pediatric nursing, developmental milestones are tracked, which are conceptually related to the idea of age-appropriate cognitive abilities.

How to Approach the Question

This is a factual recall question based on the history of psychology.
First, identify the key terms in the question: 'Intelligence Quotient (IQ)' and the year '1912'.
The question asks who 'suggested the concept'. This points to the originator of the idea, not necessarily someone who later developed or refined tests.
Review the options and recall the major contribution of each psychologist in the field of intelligence.
William Stern is directly associated with coining the term 'IQ' and the MA/CA formula in 1912.
Eliminate the other options by matching them to their correct contributions: Wechsler (WAIS/WISC, deviation IQ), Spearman (g-factor theory), and Raven (Progressive Matrices).

Concept Tested & Keywords

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